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51.

The types of channels that reverse channel contains are(a) Traffic(b) Access(c) Traffic & Access(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from Cellular Systems in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right choice is (c) Traffic & ACCESS

The explanation: The REVERSE CHANNEL contains two TYPES of CHANNELS – traffic and access.

52.

The steps followed in forward channel CDMA includes(a) Modulo 2 addition(b) Channelization(c) Modulo 2 addition & Channelization(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in examination.The query is from Cellular Systems in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT choice is (c) Modulo 2 addition & CHANNELIZATION

Explanation: Forward CHANNEL CDMA includes steps like modulo 2 addition, channelization, and base STATION identification.
53.

Which type of channel does the forward link contain?(a) Paging(b) Pilot(c) Traffic(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question in homework.Enquiry is from Cellular Systems in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct OPTION is (d) All of the mentioned

The EXPLANATION: The forward link contains DIFFERENT types of channels such as paging, pilot, SYNCHRONIZATION and traffic.

54.

Which technique is dimension limited?(a) TDMA(b) FDMA(c) TDMA & FDMA(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.This intriguing question originated from Cellular Systems in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT choice is (c) TDMA & FDMA

The BEST I can explain: TDMA and FDMA CAPACITY is dimension limited.
55.

Which technique is interference limited?(a) TDMA(b) CDMA(c) AMPS(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in a job interview.The query is from Cellular Systems topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (B) CDMA

The explanation is: CDMA TECHNIQUE CAPACITY is INTERFERENCE limited.

56.

Which has more user capacity?(a) CDMA(b) AMPS(c) TDMA(d) None of the mentionedI got this question by my school principal while I was bunking the class.I want to ask this question from Cellular Systems topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct option is (a) CDMA

To explain I would SAY: CDMA has more user CAPACITY COMPARED to AMPS and TDMA.

57.

Bandwidth efficiency improvement involves(a) Dividing the geographical region into cells(b) Allowing frequency allocation(c) Dividing the geographical region into cells & Allowing frequency allocation(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me during an interview.This intriguing question originated from Cellular Systems topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct answer is (c) DIVIDING the geographical REGION into cells & Allowing frequency ALLOCATION

The explanation: The IDEA of dividing the geographical region into cells and allowing frequency allocation of one cell can be reused represents bandwidth efficiency improvement METHODS.

58.

In CDMA ______ frequency reuse is possible.(a) No(b) 50%(c) 90%(d) 100%I have been asked this question in an online interview.My doubt is from Cellular Systems topic in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct answer is (d) 100%

To EXPLAIN: In CDMA, 100% FREQUENCY REUSE can be employed.

59.

Which has worse signal to noise performance?(a) Delay locked loop(b) Tau-dither loop(c) Delay locked & Tau-dither loop(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in examination.Enquiry is from Acquisition and Tracking topic in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct answer is (b) Tau-dither loop

To EXPLAIN: The signal to noise PERFORMANCE of TDL is a BIT WORSE than DDL.

60.

How many correlators are used for despreading and code tracking function?(a) One(b) Two(c) Three(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question during a job interview.Question is from Acquisition and Tracking in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT option is (a) ONE

Best explanation: The DESIGN of CODE tracking FUNCTION or despreading function needs only one correlator.
61.

Matched filter does ______ search.(a) Serial(b) Parallel(c) Serial & Parallel(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during an interview.My question is based upon Acquisition and Tracking in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT answer is (a) Serial

To ELABORATE: A single correlator or matched FILTER does serial search.
62.

Acquisition can be accomplished ________ as all possible codes are examined ______(a) Slowly, one by one(b) Rapidly, simultaneously(c) Slowly, simultaneously(d) Rapidly, one by oneThis question was posed to me in an interview.I need to ask this question from Acquisition and Tracking in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct answer is (B) Rapidly, SIMULTANEOUSLY

The explanation: Acquisition can be accomplished rapidly as all POSSIBLE CODES are examined simultaneously.

63.

Acquisition uses ______ likelihood algorithm for acquiring the code.(a) Minimum(b) Maximum(c) Minimum & Maximum(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.This key question is from Acquisition and Tracking in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT option is (b) Maximum

The best EXPLANATION: It CONSIDERS all POSSIBLE code positions in parallel and maximum likelihood algorithm is USED to acquire the code.
64.

Uncertainty in the distance between transmitter and receiver translates into uncertainty in(a) Frequency(b) Propagation delay(c) Efficiency(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in final exam.The doubt is from Acquisition and Tracking in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct CHOICE is (b) PROPAGATION DELAY

For explanation I would say: uncertainty in the distance between the transmitter and the receiver translates into uncertainty in the propagation delay.

65.

Acquisition can be of ______ type.(a) Coherent(b) Non coherent(c) Coherent & Non coherent(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in an online interview.My doubt stems from Acquisition and Tracking in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right answer is (C) COHERENT & Non coherent

Explanation: Acquisition can be categorized as TWO types coherent and non coherent.

66.

Tracking maintains the possible waveform ______ alignment using a feedback loop.(a) Fine(b) Coarse(c) Fine & Coarse(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an interview for job.My doubt stems from Acquisition and Tracking topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (a) Fine

Explanation: Tracking continuously MAINTAINS the best possible waveform fine ALIGNMENT by MEANS of a feedback LOOP.

67.

Which duration is shorter?(a) Hop duration(b) Symbol duration(c) Chip duration(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during an interview.Asked question is from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (a) HOP duration

To elaborate: In FREQUENCY HOPPING technique hop duration is shorter than the symbol duration.

68.

Acquisition is a process of bringing two spreading signals into _______ alignment.(a) Fine(b) Coarse(c) Fine & Coarse(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in an online quiz.Asked question is from Acquisition and Tracking topic in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right choice is (b) COARSE

Easiest explanation: Acquisition is a process of BRINGING two SPREADING signals into coarse alignment with ONE ANOTHER.

69.

Fast frequency hopping is(a) Several modulations per hop(b) Several modulations per symbol(c) Several symbols per modulation(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in class test.Enquiry is from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (d) NONE of the mentioned

Easy explanation: Fast FREQUENCY hopping is SEVERAL frequency hops per modulation.
70.

Chips are the(a) Repeated symbols(b) Non repeated symbols(c) Smallest length symbols(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in my homework.I'm obligated to ask this question of Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right choice is (a) REPEATED symbols

To EXPLAIN I WOULD SAY: The repeated symbols are called as chips.

71.

Slow frequency hopping is(a) Several hops per modulation(b) Several modulations per hop(c) Several symbols per modulation(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in unit test.I would like to ask this question from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct option is (B) Several MODULATIONS per HOP

The best EXPLANATION: Slow frequency hopping is several MODULATION per frequency hop.

72.

Robustness gives the inability of a signal to withstand the impairments.(a) True(b) FalseI got this question in examination.My question is based upon Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The CORRECT CHOICE is (B) False

Best EXPLANATION: Robustness gives the ability of a signal to withstand the impairments such as NOISE, jamming etc.

73.

Which type of demodulator is used in the frequency hopping technique?(a) Coherent(b) Non coherent(c) Coherent & Non coherent(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my college director while I was bunking the class.The origin of the question is Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right option is (B) NON coherent

For explanation: As it is DIFFICULT to maintain phase coherence, non coherent DEMODULATOR is USED.

74.

In which technique is phase coherence hard to maintain?(a) Direct sequence(b) Frequency hopping(c) Direct sequence & Frequency hopping(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me during an online interview.My question is taken from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (b) Frequency hopping

Easiest explanation: In frequency hopping spread spectrum PHASE COHERENCE is hard to MAINTAIN from hop to hop.

75.

Which system allows larger processing gain?(a) Direct sequence(b) Frequency hopping(c) Direct sequence & Frequency hopping(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an interview for internship.The origin of the question is Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT CHOICE is (b) Frequency hopping

For explanation I WOULD say: Frequency hopping SPREAD spectrum system allows greater processing gain than DIRECT sequence spread spectrum technique.
76.

The minimum spacing between consecutive hop positions gives the(a) Minimum number of chips necessary(b) Maximum number of chips necessary(c) Chip rate(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in exam.Question is taken from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right CHOICE is (a) Minimum number of CHIPS necessary

To explain: The minimum spacing between consecutive hop positions GIVEN the minimum number of chips necessary in the FREQUENCY word.

77.

The frequency hopping system uses ______ modulation scheme.(a) FSK(b) BPSK(c) MFSK(d) MPSKI had been asked this question during an interview.Origin of the question is Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (c) MFSK

To explain: The FREQUENCY hopping spread SPECTRUM system uses M-ary frequency SHIFT keying modulation scheme.

78.

Which modulation scheme is preferred for direct sequence spread spectrum process?(a) BPSK(b) QPSK(c) BPSK & QPSK(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in quiz.I want to ask this question from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» RIGHT answer is (c) BPSK & QPSK

To explain I WOULD say: Both the MODULATION scheme BPSK and QPSK can be used for direct sequence spread spectrum process.
79.

Processing gain is given as(a) Wss/R(b) Rch/R(c) Wss/R & Rch/R(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked in an interview for internship.I want to ask this question from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct choice is (c) Wss/R & Rch/R

Easiest explanation: Processing GAIN is given as both as the RATIO of the MINIMUM bandwidth of the data to data rate and also the by the ratio of code chip rate and data rate as minimum bandwidth is APPROXIMATELY equal to code chip rate.

80.

Chip is defined as(a) Shortest uninterrupted waveform(b) Largest uninterrupted waveform(c) Shortest diversion(d) None of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an international level competition.The above asked question is from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right answer is (a) Shortest UNINTERRUPTED WAVEFORM

To explain I WOULD say: A chip is defined as the shortest uninterrupted waveform in the SYSTEM.

81.

The processing gain is given as(a) Wss/R(b) R/Wss(c) Wss/2R(d) R/2WssThis question was addressed to me in class test.Query is from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»
82.

In direct sequence process which step is performed first?(a) De-spreading(b) Demodulation(c) Despreading & Demodulation(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question in unit test.Enquiry is from Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct ANSWER is (a) De-spreading

The EXPLANATION is: In DIRECT sequence PROCESS, De-spreading correlator is followed by a modulator.

83.

DS/BPSK includes(a) Despreading(b) Demodulation(c) Despreading & Demodulation(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me during an interview.The origin of the question is Direct Sequence and Frequency Hopping topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right choice is (c) Despreading & Demodulation

Best explanation: DS/BPSK is a two STEP PRECESS which INCLUDES despreading and demodulation.

84.

The jammer which monitors a communicator’s signal is known as(a) Frequency follower jammers(b) Repeat back jammers(c) Frequency follower & Repeat back jammers(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an interview for internship.This intriguing question originated from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right option is (C) Frequency follower & REPEAT BACK jammers

The best I can explain: The smart jammers which MONITOR a communicator’s signals is known as frequency follower or repeat back jammers.

85.

Which jamming method produces greater degradation?(a) Broadband jamming(b) Partial jamming(c) Broadband & Partial jamming(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question during an interview.The doubt is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right answer is (B) Partial JAMMING

For explanation: Greater degradation is possible more with partial jamming than BROADBAND jamming.

86.

To increase error probability, the processing gain should be(a) Increased(b) Decreased(c) Exponentially increased(d) Exponentially decreasedI got this question in final exam.This interesting question is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct option is (a) Increased

The best I can EXPLAIN: In a system, to increase the error probability the PROCESSING gain should be increased.

87.

The broadband jammer jams the entire(a) W(b) Wss(c) W & Wss(d) None of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.My enquiry is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer» CORRECT choice is (B) WSS

Explanation: The broadband jammer or wide-band jammer is the one which jams the entire Wss with its FIXED POWER.
88.

The system should have(a) Larger (J/S)reqd(b) Greater system’s noise rejection capability(c) Larger (J/S)reqd & Greater system’s noise rejection capability(d) None of the mentionedI got this question during an internship interview.This is a very interesting question from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right answer is (C) LARGER (J/S)REQD & GREATER SYSTEM’s noise rejection capability

Explanation: The system will be efficient if it has greater (J/S)reqd and larger system’s noise rejection capability.

89.

The ratio (J/S)reqd gives the measure of(a) Vulnerability to interference(b) Invulnerability to interference(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedI got this question in class test.The query is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (b) Invulnerability to interference

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: The RATIO (J/S)reqd gives the measure of how invulnerable the SYSTEM is to interference.

90.

Which are the design options for anti jam communicator?(a) Time diversity(b) Frequency diversity(c) Special discrimination(d) All of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My doubt is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned

For EXPLANATION: The design OPTIONS for anti-jam communicator are time diversity, frequency diversity and special discrimination.

91.

Pulse jammer consists of(a) Pulse modulated excess band noise(b) Pulse modulated band-limited noise(c) Pulse width modulated excess band noise(d) Pulse width modulated band-limited noiseI had been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.This intriguing question originated from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct answer is (b) Pulse modulated band-limited noise

For explanation I WOULD say: Pulse JAMMER CONSISTS of pulse modulated band-limited noise.

92.

Which method is better?(a) To share same bandwidth(b) To share different bandwidth(c) To share same & different bandwidth(d) None of the mentionedThis question was posed to me in an international level competition.Origin of the question is Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct ANSWER is (b) To share different BANDWIDTH

For EXPLANATION: If the JAMMER noise shares the same bandwidth, the result COULD be destructive.

93.

For any cyclic shift, the auto-correlation function is equal to(a) 1/p(b) -1/p(c) –p(d) pI had been asked this question in final exam.Question is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (b) -1/p

To explain: For any CYCLIC SHIFT the auto-correlation FUNCTION is equal to -1/p.

94.

For maximal length sequence, the sequence repetition clock pulses p is given by(a) 2n + 1(b) 2n -1(c) 2n(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question during an online exam.The question is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in division Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Right choice is (b) 2n -1

Easiest EXPLANATION: For maximal LENGTH sequence, PRODUCED by n stage LINEAR FEEDBACK shift register the sequence repetition clock pulses p is given by 2n -1 .

95.

The sequences produced by shift register depends on(a) Number of stages(b) Feedback tap connections(c) Initial conditions(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked in my homework.The question is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in section Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

The BEST explanation: The SEQUENCES PRODUCED by shift register depends on the number of stages, the feedback tap CONNECTIONS and initial CONDITIONS.

96.

If the initial pulse of 1000 is fed to shift register, after how many clock pulses does the sequence repeat?(a) 15(b) 16(c) 14(d) 17This question was posed to me in unit test.My question is taken from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming in portion Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The CORRECT choice is (a) 15

Explanation: If the INITIAL pulse 1000 is given to shift REGISTER, the FOREGOING sequence repeats after 15 clock pulses.

97.

The shift register needs to be controlled by clock pulses.(a) True(b) FalseI have been asked this question in an interview.This question is from Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (a) True

Explanation: The SHIFT register operation is controlled by clock PULSES.

98.

A linear feedback shift register consists of(a) Feedback path(b) Modulo 2 adder(c) Four stage register(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question during an interview.I'm obligated to ask this question of Pseudo-Noise Sequence and Jamming topic in chapter Spread Spectrum Techniques of Digital Communications

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

For explanation: A linear FEEDBACK shift register consists of four stage register for STORAGE and shifting, MODULO 2 adder and feedback path.