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Correct option is A) Less than that of Mars
 

Correct option is C) Mars, Jupiter

Correct option is A) Mars

Mars appears slightly reddish in colour and is also called the red planet. It has two small natural satellites.

No, the reason is Venus rotates from east to west. So, on Venus the sun rises on west.

The earth appears blue green due to the reflection of light from water and Iandmass on its surface.

1. Earth is only planet on which life exists in the solar system the reason is some environmental conditions are responsible for the existence and continuation of life on the earth.

2. These include just the right distance from the sun so that it has right temperature range, the presence of water and suitable atmosphere and a blanket of ozone.

Mars is called red planet because the breakdown of iron rich rocks creates a rusty dust on the planet.

Artificial satellites are manmade and are launched from the Earth. They revolve around the Earth much closer than earth’s natural satellite, the moon. They have many practical applications. 

Following are the uses of artificial satellites:

1. They are used for forecasting weather. 

2. They are used for transmitting television and radio signals. 

3. They are also used for telecommunication and remote sensing. 

4. They help in scientific research.

5. They are used in Global positioning system (GPS).

Light year is the unit used to express distance between the various celestial bodies. Light year is the distance travelled by light in one year. The speed of light is 300,000 km per second. 

For example: the Sun is nearly 150,000,000 Km i.e. 150 million Km away from the Earth. The distance of the Sun from the Earth may be said to be about 8 light minutes. 1 light year = 9.46 × 10¹² Km.

Artificial satellites are manmade and are launched from the Earth. They revolve around the Earth much closer than earth’s natural satellite, the moon. They have many practical applications. They are used for forecasting weather, transmitting television and radio signals. They are also used for telecommunication and remote sensing. INSAT, IRS, Kalpana-1, EDUSAT are artificial satellites.

Artificial satellites: Man-made satellites revolving around the earth are called artificial satellites.

International Astronomical Union (IAU) decided that Pluto was no more a planet because it does not follow the rule of “cleared the neighbourhood.” That means sometimes it is entering into orbit of Neptune.

Comets are the member of the Solar System which appears in the sky like a bright ball of light with a long glowing tail. The length of the tail grows in size as it approaches the sun. The tail of a comet is always directed away from the sun. They revolve around the Sun in highly elliptical orbits. The period of revolution of comets around the Sun is usually very long. Many comets are known to appear periodically. Halley’s comet appears after nearly every 76 years. It was last seen in 1986.

1. Halley’s comet is periodic comet. It is called periodic comet because it appears after regular interval of time. 

2. A comet is visible only when it approches the sun because the sun’s rays makes the gas glow.

3. Halley’s comet has a period of 76 years i.e., it is seen after every 76 years.

Correct option is B) 76

Comets are the member of the Solar System. They revolve around the Sun in highly elliptical orbits. Comets appear periodically. Comets are visible to us in the sky like a bright ball of light with a long glowing tail. The length of the tail grows in size as it approaches the sun. The tail of a comet is always directed away from the sun.

Aryabhatta, INSAT, IRS, Kalpana-I, EDUSAT, etc. are some satellites launched by India.

Comets are the member of the Solar System. They revolve around the Sun in highly elliptical orbits. The period of revolution of comets around the Sun is usually very long. Comets appear periodically. Comets are visible to us in the sky like a bright ball of light with a long glowing tail. The length of the tail grows in size as it approaches the sun. The tail of a comet is always directed away from the sun.

Correct option is B) New moon day

Correct option is B) new moon day

Halley is a comet, which is periodically appear for every 76 years. I was last seen in 1986. It will visible once again in the year 2062.

(a) The general name for the group of stars like X is a constellation. The stars forming a group that has a recognisable shape is called a constellation. We can easily identify them in the night sky. Ursa Major and Orion are the examples of the constellations.

(b) X is the Ursa Major constellation. It is also known as the Big Dipper, the Great Bear or the Saptarshi. There are seven prominent stars in this constellation. It appears like a big ladle or a question mark. There are three stars in the handle of the ladle and four in its bowl.

(c) Constellations is a group of stars forming a group that has a recognizable shape. Yes, Ursa Major is a part of our Solar System.

(d) There are seven prominent stars in the Ursa Major constellation. It appears like a big ladle or a question mark. There are three stars in the handle of the ladle and four in its bowl.

(e) Pole star can be located with the help of Ursa Major. It is located by drawing an imaginary line passing through the two stars at the end of Ursa Major. This imaginary line is extended towards the North direction, which is about five times the distance between the two lines. This line will lead to a star which is not too bright. This star is Pole star.

Due to the rotation of the earth we find the sun at different positions in the sky which brings the tree the different shadows from morning to evening.

Correct option is A) full moon
 

Correct option is C) local noon

Correct option is B) 8

There are 8 planets in our solar system. They are: 

1. Mercury 

2. Venus 

3. Earth 

4. Mars 

5. Jupiter 

6. Saturn 

7. Uranus and 

8. Neptune.

Correct option is C) Asteroids

Correct option is D) artificial

Correct option is C) phases of moon

Steps to be taken to protect earth and environment: 

1. Reduce pollution by reducing air, water and land pollution. 

2. Recycle resources by sending the degradable like paper and non degradable like plastic and glass objects to recycling factory. 

3. Save resources by using them carefully. 

E.g.: Water, trees, wood, paper. 

4. Stop burning fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas) for that do not waste electricity. 

5. Plant lot of trees.

Among the eight planets of the solar system, the earth is the only planet that supports life.

Correct option is B) orbit
 

The celestial body which revolves around a planet is known as a Satellite. Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth.

Correct option is B) Jupitor

Saturn is the planet having a well-developed system of rings around it. These rings are not visible with the naked eye. They can be observed with a small telescope.

D. Jupiter 

Jupiter is the biggest planet of the Solar system. It is so large that about 1300 earths can be placed inside this giant planet.

C. Saturn 

Saturn is the planet having a well-developed system of rings around it. These rings are not visible with the naked eye. They can be observed with a small telescope.

Lunar eclipse occur only on a full moon day because lunar eclipse happen when the earth’s shadow falls on the moon, hiding it from the sun’s light. For this to happen, the moon must be on the opposite side of the earth from the sun. So the full half of the moon that is lit by the sun is visible from earth that is full moon day.

A. Sirius 

Sirius is the brightest star in the sky. It is located close to the Orion constellation.

While standing on the ground the point on the celestial sphere exactly below our feet is called the nadir.

A body that reaches the earth is called a meteorite.

Correct option is C) Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta was the first Indian artificial satellite.

Gravitational force and the force due to the pressure of hot gas are the two forces that act on any star.

N.B. You can write the effects with the help of the following points:

1. No sunrise, no sunset, no beauty of morning and evening wee hours. 

2. In the absence of the gravitational force due to the Sun, the earth will drift away in the galaxy.

3. Darkness, no source of energy, end of life on the earth. 

4. Moon will be invisible. 

5. The temperature of the earth will fall below the freezing point of water. All oceans will also freeze. 

6. Even the atmosphere will freeze and fall on the earth. This will cause more cosmic rays to reach the earth.

The star nearest to us is the Sun.

Correct option is B) 12,756

Correct option is D) 15,00,00,000