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The term ‘Nation has been derived from the Latin word ‘Nation’.

India becomes sovereign state on 15^th August 1947. 

Writers on political science are not agreed on the exact meaning of word nationality. The term. Nation and Nationality have been used interchangeably. Both the term Nation and Nationality are derived from the same root word ‘Nato’, which means born, birth,or race. The word nation has acquired a political meaning whereas nationality acquired spiritual meaning.

According to Lord Bryce, a nation means a self governs nationality.

To Gilchrist, a nation means state plus nationality refers to the feeling of oneness, which exists among a group of people with common race, religion, common language, etc. The meaning of the word nation is not very clear as we have already stated this word derived from the word ‘Nato’ which means birth.

The Major points of difference are as follower.

1. The state refers to a politically organized society oh a given territory. Nation comprises of a group of people united by several ethnic factors. 

2. The state is a political concept and a political organization. It signifies common consciousness and units. 

3. The term state is narrow and technical. It consists of four elements of population, territory, government, and sovereignty. 

4. State may be inhabited by heterogeneous groups of people. The nation is homogeneous in composition. 

5. The state is sovereign. Sovereignty is its most essential feature. Without sovereignty may still be called a nation. Before 15^th August 1947 Indian was a nation, but not a state.

An emotional feeling of oneness is called a nation.

The lowest population in the world is Nauru.

A state which provides the basic facilities to all the people from birth to death is called a welfare state.

1. Russia 

2. U.S.A.

The government is called the ‘Heart and soul’ of the state.

Kautilya advocates the Sapthanga theory of the state.

Sparta and Athens are examples of a city-state.

The government is called an agent of the state.

According to Plato, the population of the state is 5040.

Romans called the state as ‘Civitas’.

1. Promoting as a strong country in the Global level. 

2. The human resources can be utilised effectively.

1. Effective administration. 

2. Harmonious relationship between state and people.

1. China 

2. India.

A definite land which is essential for a state is called territory.

An agent of a state is called the government.

Divine theory and social contract theory are the two theories of the state.

A group of people which have a specific objectives is called an association.

1. Vatican city 

2. Monaco

1. Nationality among the people. 

2. No unemployment problem.

Italian thinker Machiavelli introduced the word state in Political Science.

Aristotle says ‘Good people build a good state’.

The State is inevitable to ensure the protection of the life and property of the inevitable.

The government his an agent which fulfills the interests of a state.

Gilchirst says ‘Nation is state + Nationality’

A web of social relationships is called society.

State is known as the ‘crown association.

Population, definite territory, sovereignty, and government.

The State supreme of all associations.

Machiavehi is the author of ‘The prince’.

Aristotle says man is a social and also a political animal.

The state is politically organised people in a definite territory.

Max Weber says society is the web of social relationship.

The term Society refers to the whole complex of the Social relationship of Man. A Society may be defined as an association of individuals.

A supreme power of the state over its citizens is called sovereignty.

Machiavelli of Italy.

The State most powerful of all Social Institutions.

The most important element of the state is sovereignty.

Two aspects of Sovereignty are: Internal and External Sovereignty.