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The correct option is (b) Sandstone

For explanation: Sandstone consists of quartz and other minerals. It is easy to WORK and dress and also available in DIFFERENT colours. Its weight is about 20 to 22 kN per metre cube. It is used in STEPS, facing work, flooring, ornamental carving, ETC.

Right option is (b) Heads

The explanation is: In CASE of Heads or Lintels, a BEARING of 150 mm to 200 mm should be given on either side of the opening. WHEREAS, the exposed vertical surface at right angles to the door or Window FRAMES are known as the Reveals.

Correct answer is (b) TOOTING

To explain I WOULD say: Tooting is adopted to provide adequate bond when the walls are continued horizontally at a LATER stage. Whereas, termination of a wall in a stepped FASHION is KNOWN as a Racking back.

Correct option is (a) English BOND

Easiest explanation: English bond is generally used in practice. In English bond, the ALTERNATE courses consist of stretches and headers, the queen closer is put next to the queen HEADER to DEVELOP the face slap and each alternate header is centrally supported over a stretcher.

The correct choice is (b) Self-faced finish

Best explanation: Self-faced or Rock-faced or Quarry-faced finished STONES can be directly PLACED on the work from the quarry. Whereas, in Scabbling finish, the IRREGULAR projections are removed by ascabbling hammer and in this way the stones are roughly DRESSED.

Correct choice is (a) SPIRIT level

To explain I WOULD say: Spirit level is used to CHECK the horizontality of the work. Whereas GAUGE is used to dress the stones for Cornice, string COURSES, etc.

The correct choice is (c) Ashlar block-in-course masonry

For explanation: In Ashlar block-in-course masonry, the FACES of the stones are generally hammer dressed and the thickness of mortar joints does not exceed 6 mm. These type of CONSTRUCTION is used for HEAVY Engineering Works such as a retaining walls, sea walls, etc. and in some cases is MAY be also ADOPTED for public buildings.

Right answer is (c) Rusticated joint

Best explanation: Sometimes the margins or edges of STONES USED for PLINTH, Quoin, OUTER walls of lower storeys, etc., are sunk below the general level. The term rusticated is used to indicate such masonry. There are three forms of rusticated joints – channel joint, Vee joint, Vee and channelled joint.

The correct answer is (d) Plugged joint

The best I can explain: In Plugged joint, the dovetail shaped mortices are PROVIDED in the sides of adjacent stones as SHOWN in the given above figure. When Stone are placed in position, the MOLTEN lead is poured in the joints, which, when COOLED, connects the stones FIRMLY.

Right answer is (a) Butt JOINT

Easiest EXPLANATION: In Butt or square joint, the square surface of one stone is placed again that of another as shown in the given figure above. This is the most COMMON joint and is EXTENSIVELY used for ordinary work.

Correct option is (c) RAKING bond

For explanation I would say: As the filling ofthicker WALL is done by headers only, such wall become weak in the longitudinal direction. The raking on inclined bonds are USED in such cases as remedial measures. The raking or INCLINATION should be in opposite direction in alternate COURSES of the Raking bond.

Right CHOICE is (d) Obtuse squint

To elaborate: In Obtuse squint, ANGLE usually varies from 105° to 135°, the more common being 120°. An obtuse QUINT may be in the form of English BOND or in the double Flemish bond. The walls in both the cases are of one and half times of brick thickness.

Right option is (a) Tee junction

The best explanation: Above given figure shows the plan of ALTERNATE courses of a Tee-junction between ONE and half bricks external wall and one brick INTERNAL wall, both the walls being constructed in the English bond. The header COURSE of the internal wall enters the STRETCHER course of the main wall.

Correct ANSWER is (c) Frog

Explanation: The WIRE cut BRICKS are not provided with Frogs. A pressed brick as a rule as frogs on the both the faces. A handmade brick has only ONE frog. Whereas, a brick moulded with a double Bull NOSE on ends is termed as a cownose.

Correct choice is (d) Sunk finish

The best I can explain: Vermiculated finish is just SIMILAR to the RETICULATED type accept that the SINKING or more. The finish presents a worm EATEN appearance.

Right choice is (b) Table JOINT

Easiest explanation: In Table joint, a joggle is song in the bed of the STONE to prevent lateral MOVEMENT. The depth of projection is about 40 mm and the width of projection is about ONE third the breath of the stone. This type of joint is used in case of structures such as sea walls.

The correct choice is (d) Karkar

To elaborate: KANKAR is a sedimentary ROCK that is impure in nature. It is used in road METAL, manufacture of hydraulic line, etc. It is MOSTLY found in north and CENTRAL part of India.

Right answer is (a) Basalt

The best explanation: Basalt and TRAP are hard and tough igneous stones which is difficult to WORK. Its specific GRAVITY is 3 and compressive STRENGTH varies from 150 to 185 Newton per mm square. Its weight varies from 18 to 29 kN per METRE cube.

The correct option is (b) Flemish bond

The best EXPLANATION: In Flemish bond, the headers are distributed evenly and hence, it creates a better appearance than the English bond. In Flemish Bond, in every course, the headers and stretchers are placed ALTERNATELY. Here, the QUOIN closer is put NEXT to the Quoin header in ALTERNATE courses to develop the face lap.

Right answer is (b) Bat

To EXPLAIN: Bat is a piece of brick, usually considered in relation to the LENGTH of brick and ACCORDINGLY known as half bat or THREE quarter bat. The Half bat may be FORMED as shown in figure.

Right choice is (b) Tooth CHISEL

To elaborate: Tooth chisel is used to dress the hot stones. Whereas, AXE is used to dress ROUGHLY and to SPLIT the stones in the quarry.

Correct choice is (c) Random rubble masonry

The explanation is: In Random rubble masonry, the FACE stones are CHISEL addressed and the thickness of mortar JOINTS does not exceed 6 mm. This type of masonry is used for the CONSTRUCTION of residential buildings, compound walls, godowns, etc.

Correct answer is (d) Laterite

The EXPLANATION is: Laterite posses porous and spongy structure which can be easily quarried in blocks and contains HIGH percentage of oxide of iron and also available in DIFFERENT colours. It is mostly used as building STONE, Road METAL, rough stone masonry work, etc.

The correct answer is (c) String COURSE

For explanation: String Course break the monotony of a plane SURFACE and it is sometimes MOULDED and given ARCHITECTURAL treatment. The string course is suitably weathered and THROATED so as to throw off the rain water clear of the wall surface.

Right CHOICE is (b) Mitred closer

To explain I would say: Mitred closer is OBTAINED by CUTTING a TRIANGULAR portion of the breeze through its width and making an angle of 45° to 60° with the LENGTH of the break. It is used at corners, junctions, etc.

Right OPTION is (a) Masonry

The best I can EXPLAIN: The term Masonry is used to indicate the ART of building the structures in either stone or bricks. The formal type is CALLED the stone masonry and the latter type is called the BRICK masonry.

Right option is (d) Garden-wall bond

Explanation: As the NAME suggests, the Garden-wall bond is USED for the construction of the boundary walls, COMPOUND walls, Garden walls, etc. The wall is ONE brick wall and its height does not exceed 2 metres. The wall my may be constructed either in English bond or Flemish bond.

Right answer is (a) RUBBLE masonry

For explanation I would say: In Rubble masonry, the stones, as obtained from quarry, are TAKEN in use in the same form or they are broken and shaped in suitable sizes by means of hammer as the work PROCEEDS. The strength of rubble masonry mainly depends on the quality of mortar and the use of long through Stone at frequent INTERVALS.

Correct OPTION is (c) CLUB hammer

To elaborate: Club hammer is used to strike the narrow headed CHISELS. WHEREAS, Mash hammer and Waller’s hammer are used to dress the stone.

Right option is (a) Quartzite

Best explanation: Quartzite is hard and HENCE it is difficult to walk and dress. It is used in retaining WALLS, Road metals, concrete aggregate, pitching, rubble masonry, FACING of BUILDINGS, etc. It is mostly found in Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, PUNJAB and Rajasthan.

Correct choice is (a) JAMBS

To explain: The Jambs maybe either plain or square or REBATED. The splayed Jambs are PREFERRED as they ALLOW the shutters to open up at an obtuse ANGLE and thus permit more light and air into the room.

Correct choice is (C) Cornice

The best explanation: Cornice is generally moulded and given an ORNAMENTAL treatment. It is weathered and throated to DISPOSE off rain water. In ORDER to prevent the overturning of the cornice, sufficient bearing and extra weight at the TOP in the form of a parapet wall should be provided.

The CORRECT option is (b) Gneiss

Explanation: Gneiss splits into themes labs and it is easy to work. Its specific GRAVITY is 2.69 and compressive strength is 206 Newton per mm square. It is mostly found in Madras, Bihar, Maharashtra, Bengal, Kerala and Gujarat.

Correct option is (b) CROSS-junction

The explanation is: In Cross-junction or an Intersection, the alternate courses of the cross wall i.e. the courses of one of the walls simply butt against the courses of the other wall. Also, the alternate courses which are not continuous are provided with tie bricks in the FORM of KEY HEADERS to create the necessary BOND and lap.

The correct ANSWER is (a) Header bond

Explanation: Header bond does not have strength to TRANSMIT pressure in the direction of the length of the wall. Hence it is not suitable for load BEARING WALLS. However, this bond is used for curved surfaces in the brick work because stretches, if used for curved faces, would project beyond the face of the wall.

The correct answer is (c) STRETCHER bond

For explanation I WOULD say: The stretcher bond is useful for ONE brick partition walls as there are no headers in such walls. As this bond does not develop proper internal bond, it should not be USED for walls having thickness greater than that of one-brick wall.

The correct answer is (c) Header

For explanation I would say: Header is a brick laid with its BREADTH or with parallel to the phrase or front or direction of a Wall. The Course containing header is called a header course. WHEREAS, the lower surface of the brick when laid flat is KNOWN as the BED.

Correct option is (d) Quoins

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: The Quoin stones are SELECTED from large and SOUND stones and their beds are properly dressed. The stones or bricks forming the quion are KNOWN as the quoin stones or quoin bricks.