72 + Interview Questions in Storage And File Structures in Database Management Page 1 InterviewSolution

1.	A block that is not allowed to be written back to disk is said to be ______________(a) Pinned(b) Forced(c) Buffer(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in an international level competition.My doubt stems from Database Buffer topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right option is (a) Pinned To EXPLAIN: ALTHOUGH many operating systems do not support pinned blocks, such a feature is ESSENTIAL for a DATABASE system that is RESILIENT to crashes.

Discussion

2.	A relational database system needs to maintain data about the relations, such as the schema of the relations. This is called(a) Metadata(b) Catalog(c) Log(d) DictionaryI had been asked this question in unit test.This interesting question is from Data-Dictionary Storage in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right choice is (a) Metadata Easiest EXPLANATION - Each SIDE of a platter of a DISK has a read–write head that MOVES ACROSS the platter to access different tracks.

Discussion

3.	Choose the RDBMS which supports full fledged client server application development(a) dBase V(b) Oracle 7.1(c) FoxPro 2.1(d) IngressThis question was addressed to me in an international level competition.This question is from File Organisations topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT choice is (b) Oracle 7.1 To EXPLAIN: RDBMS is Relational Database MANAGEMENT System.

Discussion

4.	Once the head has reached the desired track, the time spent waiting for the sector to be accessed to appear under the head is called the _______________(a) Access time(b) Average seek time(c) Seek time(d) Rotational latency timeI have been asked this question in class test.My question is taken from Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (d) ROTATIONAL latency time To explain: Rotational speeds of DISKS today RANGE from 5400 rotations per minute (90 rotations per SECOND) up to 15,000 rotations per minute (250 rotations per second), or, equivalently, 4 MILLISECONDS to 11.1 milliseconds per rotation.

Discussion

5.	The primary medium for the long-term online storage of data is the __________ where the entire database is stored on magnetic disk.(a) Semiconductor memory(b) Magnetic disks(c) Compact disks(d) Magnetic tapesI got this question in a national level competition.I need to ask this question from Physical Storage Media topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right CHOICE is (B) Magnetic disks The explanation is: The system must MOVE the DATA from disk to main memory so that they can be accessed.

Discussion

6.	Which of the following stores several gigabytes of data but usually lost when power failure?(a) Flash memory(b) Disk(c) Main memory(d) Secondary memoryThe question was posed to me during an interview.This is a very interesting question from Physical Storage Media in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT CHOICE is (c) Main memory To EXPLAIN: The CONTENTS of main memory are usually LOST if a power failure or system crash occurs.

Discussion

7.	The _________ is the fastest and most costly form of storage, which is relatively small; its use is managed by the computer system hardware.(a) Cache(b) Disk(c) Main memory(d) Flash memoryThe question was asked during an interview.Enquiry is from Physical Storage Media in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (a) CACHE For explanation: Cache storage is EASY to access because it is closer to the processor.

Discussion

8.	Which of these is not a feature of Hierarchical model?(a) Organizes the data in tree-like structure(b) Parent node can have any number of child nodes(c) Root node does not have any parent(d) Child node can have any number of parent nodesI have been asked this question in a national level competition.This interesting question is from Organization of Records in Files in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT option is (d) Child NODE can have any NUMBER of parent nodes For explanation: The DATA are traversed using several algorithms.

Discussion

9.	Large collection of files are called ____________(a) Fields(b) Records(c) Database(d) SectorsThe question was asked during an interview for a job.Question is from Organization of Records in Files in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (C) Database To explain: The OPERATOR tree has a tree like FORMAT where theevaluation STARTS fromroot of the tree .

Discussion

10.	One approach to standardization storing of data?(a) MIS(b) Structured programming(c) CODASYL specification(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an interview for internship.I'm obligated to ask this question of File Organisations in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct answer is (c) CODASYL specification To EXPLAIN: CODASYL is an ACRONYM for “Conference on Data Systems Languages”.

Discussion

11.	Hardware RAID implementations permit _________ that is, faulty disks can be removed and replaced by new ones without turning power off.(a) Scrapping(b) Swapping(c) Hot swapping(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question in an interview for job.My question is based upon RAID topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct option is (C) HOT swapping The BEST explanation: Hot swapping REDUCES the mean time to repair since replacement of a DISK does not have to wait until a time when the system can be shut down.

Discussion

12.	Optical disk technology uses(a) Helical scanning(b) DAT(c) A laser beam(d) RAIDI got this question during a job interview.This key question is from RAID topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right answer is (d) RAID Best EXPLANATION: Redundant ARRAY of Inexpensive DISKS.

Discussion

13.	_________ is around one-half of the maximum seek time.(a) Access time(b) Average seek time(c) Seek time(d) Rotational latency timeI had been asked this question during an online exam.My question is based upon Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct ANSWER is (b) Average seek time For explanation: Average seek times CURRENTLY RANGE between 4 and 10 MILLISECONDS, depending on the disk MODEL.

Discussion

14.	In magnetic disk ________ stores information on a sector magnetically as reversals of the direction of magnetization of the magnetic material.(a) Read–write head(b) Read-assemble head(c) Head–disk assemblies(d) Disk armThis question was posed to me in homework.I want to ask this question from Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct OPTION is (d) Disk arm The best explanation: Each side of a platter of a disk has a read–write HEAD that MOVES across the platter to access different tracks.

Discussion

15.	Which is the cheapest memory device in terms of costs/ bit?(a) Semiconductor memory(b) Magnetic disks(c) Compact disks(d) Magnetic tapesI got this question during an online exam.Question is from Physical Storage Media topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct answer is (c) COMPACT disks The best EXPLANATION: Compact disk is used for easy storage at LOWER cost.

Discussion

16.	A data dictionary is a special file that contains?(a) The names of all fields in all files(b) The data types of all fields in all files(c) The widths of all fields in all files(d) All of the mentionedI got this question during an interview.This question is from Organization of Records in Files in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right ANSWER is (d) All of the mentioned Easiest EXPLANATION - The data DICTIONARY is STRUCTURED in tables and views, just like other database data.

Discussion

17.	Which of these data models is an extension of the relational data model?(a) Object-oriented data model(b) Object-relational data model(c) Semi structured data model(d) None of the mentionedThe question was asked during an interview for a job.Asked question is from Organization of Records in Files topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct OPTION is (B) Object-relational DATA model Easy EXPLANATION - All the data are stored in form of memory in the DISK.

Discussion

18.	A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a(a) Hierarchical schema(b) Network schema(c) Relational schema(d) All of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an online quiz.This is a very interesting question from File Organisations in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (a) Hierarchical schema Easy explanation - A hierarchical DATABASE model is a DATA model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The structure allows REPRESENTING INFORMATION using parent/child relationships.

Discussion

19.	The time for repositioning the arm is called the ________ and it increases with the distance that the arm must move.(a) Access time(b) Average seek time(c) Seek time(d) Rotational latency timeThis question was posed to me in semester exam.The query is from Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct choice is (c) Seek time Best explanation: TYPICAL seek times RANGE from 2 to 30 MILLISECONDS, depending on how FAR the track is from the initial arm position.

Discussion

20.	__________ is increasingly being used in server systems to improve performance by caching frequently used data, since it provides faster access than disk, with larger storage capacity than main memory.(a) Flash memory(b) Disk(c) Main memory(d) Secondary memoryThis question was posed to me in final exam.The question is from Physical Storage Media topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT choice is (a) FLASH memory To explain: Flash memory is of TWO types – NAND and NOR.

Discussion

21.	The technique where the blocks which have been used are replaced is called(a) Replacement strategy(b) Forced strategy(c) Crash recovery system(d) Most recently usedI have been asked this question in an interview for internship.I need to ask this question from Database Buffer topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (d) Most RECENTLY USED Best EXPLANATION: The optimal strategy for block replacement is the most recently used (MRU) strategy.

Discussion

22.	The subsystem responsible for the allocation of buffer space is called the ___________(a) Buffer(b) Buffer manager(c) Storage(d) Secondary storageThe question was posed to me in an international level competition.My doubt stems from Database Buffer in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT option is (b) BUFFER manager Best explanation: Programs in a database system make REQUESTS (that is, calls) on the buffer manager when they need a BLOCK from disk.

Discussion

23.	A tablespace is further broken down into ________(a) Tablespace(b) Segments(c) Extents(d) BlocksThe question was asked in a national level competition.My question is based upon Data-Dictionary Storage in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct ANSWER is (b) Segments Explanation: SEGMENT names are used in CREATE table and create index commands to place tables or indexes on specific database devices.

Discussion

24.	Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing(a) There is common sharing of data among the various applications(b) It is file oriented(c) Programs are dependent on the file(d) It is inflexibleI have been asked this question at a job interview.This interesting question is from Organization of Records in Files topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT choice is (a) There is COMMON sharing of data among the various applications The explanation is: All the data are stored in FORM of MEMORY in the disk.

Discussion

25.	Which of the following are the process of selecting the data storage and data access characteristics of the database?(a) Logical database design(b) Physical database design(c) Testing and performance tuning(d) Evaluation and selectingThis question was posed to me in a job interview.This intriguing question originated from Tertiary Storage topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct option is (b) PHYSICAL DATABASE DESIGN The explanation is: Physical database design is the process of selecting the DATA storage and data access CHARACTERISTICS of the database.

Discussion

26.	With multiple disks, we can improve the transfer rate as well by ___________ data across multiple disks.(a) Striping(b) Dividing(c) Mirroring(d) DividingI got this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.The question is from RAID in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT choice is (a) Striping The best EXPLANATION: DATA striping consists of SPLITTING the bits of each byte across multiple disks; such striping is called bitlevel striping.

Discussion

27.	_________ is the time from when a read or write request is issued to when data transfer begins.(a) Access time(b) Average seek time(c) Seek time(d) Rotational latency timeThis question was posed to me in an interview for internship.My question is based upon Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right option is (a) ACCESS time Best EXPLANATION: To access (that is, to read or write) DATA on a given SECTOR of a disk, the arm first MUST move so that it is positioned over the correct track, and then must wait for the sector to appear under it as the disk rotates.

Discussion

28.	Which of the following is a physical storage media?(a) Tape Storage(b) Optical Storage(c) Flash memory(d) All of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an interview for job.My question is taken from Physical Storage Media in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» CORRECT CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned The best I can EXPLAIN: The storage media are CLASSIFIED by the speed with which DATA can be accessed, by the cost per unit of data to buy the medium, and by the medium’s reliability.

Discussion

29.	There are situations in which it is necessary to write back the block to disk, even though the buffer space that it occupies is not needed. This write is called the(a) Pinned block strategy(b) Forced output block(c) Buffer replacement strategy(d) All of the mentionedI have been asked this question in semester exam.I need to ask this question from Database Buffer in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct choice is (B) Forced OUTPUT block The BEST explanation: The main-memory CONTENTS and thus buffer contents are lost in a crash, whereas data on DISK usually survive a crash.

Discussion

30.	A major goal of the database system is to minimize the number of block transfers between the disk and memory. This is achieved by(a) Buffer(b) Catalog(c) Storage(d) Secondary storageThis question was addressed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.This interesting question is from Database Buffer in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right ANSWER is (a) Buffer Best explanation: There is ALWAYS a copy KEPT on DISK of every block, but the copy on disk may be a version of the block OLDER than the version in the buffer.

Discussion

31.	What are the correct features of a distributed database?(a) Is always connected to the internet(b) Always requires more than three machines(c) Users see the data in one global schema.(d) Have to specify the physical location of the data when an update is doneI have been asked this question in an online quiz.I would like to ask this question from File Organisations topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right choice is (C) Users see the DATA in one global schema. The BEST I can EXPLAIN: Users see the data in one global schema.

Discussion

32.	___________ is popular for applications such as storage of log files in a database system since it offers the best write performance.(a) RAID level 1(b) RAID level 2(c) RAID level 0(d) RAID level 3I have been asked this question by my college professor while I was bunking the class.My question is taken from RAID topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct answer is (a) RAID LEVEL 1 Easiest explanation - RAID level 1 refers to disk mirroring with block STRIPING.

Discussion

33.	There are “record-once” versions of the compact disk and digital video disk, which can be written only once; such disks are also called __________ disks.(a) Write-once, read-many (WORM)(b) CD-R(c) DVD-W(d) CD-ROMThis question was posed to me in exam.My query is from Physical Storage Media in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct option is (a) Write-once, read-many (WORM) Easy EXPLANATION - There are ALSO “multiple-write” VERSIONS of compact disk (CALLED CD-RW) and digital video disk (DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM), which can be WRITTEN multiple times.

Discussion

34.	________ is the smallest unit of allocation in an Oracle database.(a) Database(b) Instance(c) Tablespace(d) Database BlockThis question was posed to me during an interview.This intriguing question comes from Data-Dictionary Storage in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT option is (d) Database Block Best explanation: Data block is a FORM of database space ALLOCATION.

Discussion

35.	If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then(a) Storage space is wasted(b) Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency(c) In can be more easily accessed(d) Storage space is wasted & Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistencyThis question was posed to me in an online quiz.My query is from Organization of Records in Files in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct choice is (d) STORAGE space is wasted & Changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency For explanation: The DATABASE is always consistent and so there is no DUPLICATION.

Discussion

36.	Where performance and reliability are both important, RAID level ____ is used.(a) 0(b) 1(c) 2(d) 0+1I have been asked this question in an international level competition.My query is from RAID topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (d) 0+1 Easy EXPLANATION - Mirroring without striping can ALSO be used with ARRAYS of disks, to GIVE the appearance of a single large, reliable disk.

Discussion

37.	The disk platters mounted on a spindle and the heads mounted on a disk arm are together known as ___________(a) Read-disk assemblies(b) Head–disk assemblies(c) Head-write assemblies(d) Read-read assembliesI had been asked this question during an interview.My question is taken from Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT choice is (b) HEAD–disk assemblies Explanation: Each side of a platter of a disk has a read–write head that MOVES across the platter to ACCESS different tracks.

Discussion

38.	Optical disk _______ systems contain a few drives and numerous disks that can be loaded into one of the drives automatically (by a robot arm) on demand.(a) Tape Storage(b) Jukebox(c) Flash memory(d) All of the mentionedThe question was asked during an internship interview.This intriguing question comes from Physical Storage Media topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct answer is (b) Jukebox The best EXPLANATION: The most POPULAR form of optical DISKS are CD and DVD.

Discussion

39.	In case the buffer manager do not write the blocks properly then the buffer manager uses(a) Replacement strategy(b) Forced strategy(c) Crash recovery system(d) Both Replacement and Forced strategyI have been asked this question in an internship interview.This intriguing question originated from Database Buffer topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct OPTION is (c) CRASH recovery system For explanation: The crash-recovery SUBSYSTEM imposes stringent CONSTRAINTS on block replacement.

Discussion

40.	An audit trail ___________(a) Is used to make backup copies(b) Is the recorded history of operations performed on a file(c) Can be used to restore lost information(d) None of the mentionedI had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.My question comes from Organization of Records in Files topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT OPTION is (b) Is the recorded history of OPERATIONS performed on a file Easiest explanation - This is more useful for all recovery ACTIONS.

Discussion

41.	A typical tape drive is ________ a typical disk drive.(a) more expensive than(b) cheaper than(c) of the same cost as(d) none of the mentionedThe question was asked in an online interview.I'd like to ask this question from Tertiary Storage in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT choice is (a) more expensive than For explanation: Tertiary storage involves a robotic mechanism which will mount (INSERT) and dismount removable mass storage media into a storage DEVICE according to the system’s demands; this data is often copied to secondary storage before USE.

Discussion

42.	Operating system is responsible for(a) disk initialization(b) booting from disk(c) bad-bock recovery(d) all of the mentionedThe question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.My doubt is from Tertiary Storage topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right answer is (d) all of the mentioned The explanation is: Tertiary storage INVOLVES a ROBOTIC mechanism which will mount (insert) and dismount removable mass storage media into a storage device according to the system’s DEMANDS; this data is often copied to SECONDARY storage before use.

Discussion

43.	Which one of the following is a Stripping technique?(a) Byte level stripping(b) Raid level stripping(c) Disk level stripping(d) Block level strippingThe question was posed to me during an online exam.My doubt stems from RAID topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct answer is (d) Block level stripping For explanation: Block-level striping STRIPES blocks across multiple DISKS. It TREATS the array of disks as a single LARGE disk, and it gives blocks logical NUMBERS.

Discussion

44.	The _______ is that part of main memory available for storage of copies of disk blocks.(a) Buffer(b) Catalog(c) Storage(d) Secondary storageThe question was asked in an interview.Asked question is from Database Buffer topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Correct option is (a) BUFFER The best explanation: There is always a copy kept on disk of EVERY BLOCK, but the copy on disk MAY be a version of the block older than the version in the buffer.

Discussion

45.	___________ is the collection of memory structures and Oracle background processes that operates against an Oracle database.(a) Database(b) Instance(c) Tablespace(d) SegmentI had been asked this question in a national level competition.This interesting question is from Data-Dictionary Storage topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The correct option is (B) Instance Best EXPLANATION: Instance is a snapshot of database at any POINT of time.

Discussion

46.	A magneto-optic disk is :(a) primary storage(b) secondary storage(c) tertiary storage(d) none of the mentionedThis question was posed to me at a job interview.Question is taken from Tertiary Storage in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right option is (C) tertiary storage The BEST explanation: Tertiary storage involves a robotic mechanism which will mount (insert) and DISMOUNT removable mass storage media into a storage device according to the system’s demands; this DATA is often copied to SECONDARY storage before use.

Discussion

47.	Which of the following is the oldest database model?(a) Relational(b) Hierarchical(c) Physical(d) NetworkThe question was posed to me in a national level competition.I want to ask this question from Tertiary Storage in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» RIGHT choice is (d) NETWORK Easy explanation - Network model has data stored in a HIERARCHICAL network flow.

Discussion

48.	The file organization which allows us to read records that would satisfy the join condition by using one block read is(a) Heap file organization(b) Sequential file organization(c) Clustering file organization(d) Hash file organizationThis question was addressed to me in examination.I'd like to ask this question from File Organisations topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» Right option is (c) CLUSTERING FILE organization For explanation: All SYSTEMS in the cluster SHARE a common file structure via NFS, but not all disks are MOUNTED on all other systems.

Discussion

49.	In the buffer where there is no space for another block, the block can be inserted using(a) Pinned block strategy(b) Forced output block(c) Buffer replacement strategy(d) All of the mentionedThe question was posed to me in final exam.This interesting question is from Database Buffer topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» CORRECT choice is (c) Buffer replacement strategy To EXPLAIN: Most operating systems use a least RECENTLY used (LRU) scheme, in which the block that was REFERENCED least recently is written BACK to disk and is removed from the buffer.

Discussion

50.	Which of the following hardware component is the most important to the operation of a database management system?(a) High resolution video display(b) Printer(c) High speed, large capacity disk(d) MouseThe question was posed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.My question comes from Organization of Records in Files in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management
Answer» The CORRECT answer is (C) HIGH speed, large CAPACITY disk The BEST I can explain: All the data are stored in form of memory in the disk.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Large collection of files are called ____________(a) Fields(b) Records(c) Database(d) SectorsThe question was asked during an interview for a job.Question is from Organization of Records in Files in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Optical disk technology uses(a) Helical scanning(b) DAT(c) A laser beam(d) RAIDI got this question during a job interview.This key question is from RAID topic in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Which is the cheapest memory device in terms of costs/ bit?(a) Semiconductor memory(b) Magnetic disks(c) Compact disks(d) Magnetic tapesI got this question during an online exam.Question is from Physical Storage Media topic in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management

A tablespace is further broken down into ________(a) Tablespace(b) Segments(c) Extents(d) BlocksThe question was asked in a national level competition.My question is based upon Data-Dictionary Storage in section Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Which of the following is a physical storage media?(a) Tape Storage(b) Optical Storage(c) Flash memory(d) All of the mentionedThis question was addressed to me in an interview for job.My question is taken from Physical Storage Media in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management

________ is the smallest unit of allocation in an Oracle database.(a) Database(b) Instance(c) Tablespace(d) Database BlockThis question was posed to me during an interview.This intriguing question comes from Data-Dictionary Storage in portion Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Where performance and reliability are both important, RAID level ____ is used.(a) 0(b) 1(c) 2(d) 0+1I have been asked this question in an international level competition.My query is from RAID topic in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Which one of the following is a Stripping technique?(a) Byte level stripping(b) Raid level stripping(c) Disk level stripping(d) Block level strippingThe question was posed to me during an online exam.My doubt stems from RAID topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management

The _______ is that part of main memory available for storage of copies of disk blocks.(a) Buffer(b) Catalog(c) Storage(d) Secondary storageThe question was asked in an interview.Asked question is from Database Buffer topic in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management

A magneto-optic disk is :(a) primary storage(b) secondary storage(c) tertiary storage(d) none of the mentionedThis question was posed to me at a job interview.Question is taken from Tertiary Storage in chapter Storage and File Structures of Database Management

Which of the following is the oldest database model?(a) Relational(b) Hierarchical(c) Physical(d) NetworkThe question was posed to me in a national level competition.I want to ask this question from Tertiary Storage in division Storage and File Structures of Database Management