Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

The correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

For explanation I would say: When employing SO2 or its compounds for sulfonation or SULFATION, important variables determining the rate and course of the reaction are (1) concentration of SO3 in the sulfonating agent, (2) CHEMICAL structure of the organic compound, (3) time in relation to temperature and reagent strength, (4) catalysts, and (5) solvents.

The correct ANSWER is (b) SULFOETHYLATION

The explanation: Sulfoethylation is an important industrial wetting agents are prepared by reacting long-chain FATTY ACID chlorides with salts of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, HOCH2CH2SO3Na, or N-methyltaurine, CH3NHCH2CH2SO3Na.

Correct CHOICE is (b) Sulfomethylation

For explanation I would SAY: Sulfomethylation, here Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonates (“ALDEHYDE bisulfite”) are used to sulfomethylate on reactive carbon atoms (e.g., in phenols or ketones) or on NITROGEN (i.e., amines, amides, or sulfoamides).

Right option is (a) True

Explanation: SINCE SO3 is MADE by the OXIDATION of SO2, it can be said that, if SO2 is taken as the STARTING point, two major steps are involved in SULFONATING with a compound of 803 : (1) an oxidation step and (2) the sulfonation step proper.

The CORRECT choice is (c) SO3

The BEST explanation: When SO2 is oxidised we get SO3. The reaction is as follows: SO2 + O —–>SO3.

Right option is (a) Organic compounds

Explanation: When SO2 and SO3 is compared,during usage of SO2, it is the organic rather than the inorganic COMPOUND which UNDERGOES the oxidation.

The CORRECT choice is (b) Paper pulp

Explanation: water-soluble LIGNIN SULFONATES are produced annually as a by-product of the manufacture of paper pulp by HEATING wood under pressure with an aqueous solution of metallic bisulfite and sulphur dioxide.

The correct option is (b) False

The explanation: UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. ALKENES in the PRESENCE of general reaction.

The correct answer is (a) 1-hydroxyalkylsulfonates

The best EXPLANATION: ALIPHATIC Compounds; ALDEHYDES and Epoxides. These compounds react EASILY with bisulfite to YIELD 1-hydroxy- and 2-hydroxyalkylsulfonates, respectively.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Acetic anhydride

To ELABORATE: Sulfoxidation, this REACTION is chemically quite similar to sulfochlorination, EXCEPT that acetic anhydride is added.

The CORRECT option is (c) Pyrosulfuric ACID

Best explanation: Sulfamic acid can be PREPARED by the REACTION of urea and pyrosulfuric acid, whose formula is H2S2O7 (pyrosulfuric acid ).

Correct answer is (B) AROMATIC

The best explanation: The aromatic sulfates are STABLE in neutral or alkaline solution and are not affected by the oxidation or reduction of other GROUPINGS in the molecule. ALSO, these sulfates are water-soluble, and the sulphate group is easy to introduce and remove.

Correct option is (B) -SO2CL

For explanation: An -SO2Cl group can be introduced on aliphatic carbon using a MIXTURE of sulfurdioxide and chlorine in the PRESENCE of a chain-initiating catalyst such as actinic light.

Correct answer is (a) NH2SO3H

The explanation: The FORMULA of Sulfamic ACID is NH2SO3H, which is ALSO a tertiary COMPOUND.

Right choice is (b) False

To explain: Sulphur trioxide reacts with inorganic materials (e.g., water, HCl) to yield compounds of varying reactivity and therefore of correspondingly varying usefulness for different sulfonation reactions, it also reacts with many organic materials to form ADDITION compounds.

Right answer is (d) None of the mentioned

The BEST explanation: The MAJOR uses for this reagent (chlorosulfonic ACID) are in the preparation of AROMATIC sulfonyl chlorides, ALCOHOL sulfates, and sulfamates.

The correct OPTION is (a) ClSO3H

To explain I would say: Chlorosulfonic acid is a strong acid, and is written as ClSO3H, this compound is a strong acid, and is therefore usually written ClSO3H, its METHOD of PREPARATION (direct reaction of SO3 and HCl), behaviour at the boiling point (DISSOCIATION to SO3 and HCl), and mode of reaction with organic compounds (liberation of HCI and introduction of SO3 ) indicate that it is a compound of SO3 with HCI.

The CORRECT choice is (B) RO-SO3H

To explain I would say: ROH + H2SO4 ——> ROSO3H + H20, this reaction is known as Sulfonation and sulfation of aliphatic compounds.

Correct option is (a) SATURATED aliphatic compounds

For explanation: sulphur trioxide and its hydrates are generally unsuitable for sulfonating saturated aliphatic compounds. Either no REACTION occurs, or oxidative decomposition takes PLACE, YIELDING a COMPLEX mixture.

Right CHOICE is (a) True

Easy explanation: Petroleum is a COMPLEX mixture of HYDROCARBONS of only generally known structure, the composition varying from one oil to another, depending on the crude source, boiling range, and degree and method of REFINING.

Right choice is (c) OLEUM

The best explanation: QUINOLINE can be sulfonated in the BENZENE NUCLEUS (5 and 8 positions) with oleum at 170-180°C.

Correct choice is (b) Desulfonation

Easiest explanation: In the naphthalene SERIES, the desulfonation reaction is OFTEN used to PRODUCE a DESIRED isomer.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acids

Explanation: Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acids are prepared by NITRATION of the mononitro sulfonates since dinitro COMPOUNDS DECOMPOSE when sulfonated.

Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

The EXPLANATION is: Sulfoethylating AGENTS (hydroxy-, chloro-, and methylaminoethanesulfonates; ETHYLENE sulfonic acid).

Right answer is (a) Solvent

The explanation: Sulfone formation is said to be reduced by use of a solvent, addition of the organic compound to the sulfonating AGENT (rather than vice VERSA), the use of chemical “inhibitors” such as acetic acid or SODIUM sulphate, and conducting the REACTION in a comparatively large volume of the reaction product.

The CORRECT choice is (b) Benzene

To explain: The monosulfonation of benzene is of PRIME commercial importance as being intermediate to one process for MANUFACTURING PHENOL and to the only established process for PRODUCING resorcinol.

The correct choice is (C) Solubilizing

To ELABORATE: The SODIUM xylene sulfonates are used in steadily INCREASING quantity as solubilizing or “hydrotroping” agents. As in the case of toluene, the partial-pressure DISTILLATION procedure and the SO3 method are both used industrially.

Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

The best I can EXPLAIN: For choosing a SUITABLE SULFONATION reagent and process is the avoidance of undesired side REACTIONS, the nature and extent of which will depend UPON the structure of the compound being sulfonated, the sulfonating agent, and the physical conditions used.

The correct answer is (b) Water

Explanation: Sulphur TRIOXIDE has a very strong affinity for water. So high is this degree of affinity, and so GREAT is the evolution of heat in mixing the two MATERIALS, that water in its relation to SO3 may be regarded as a basic substance.

Right CHOICE is (a) Decreases

Easy explanation: The hydrates of SO3 exist at low TEMPERATURES as definite crystalline COMPOUNDS, with RISING temperature they become increasingly less stable and finally decompose with the disengagement of either SO3 or water.

Right choice is (b) Dihydrate

The explanation: The following COMPOUND is called dehydrate because it contains TWO hydroxy MOLECULES.

Right CHOICE is (b) False

Easy explanation: SULPHUR trioxide polymerizes easily in a variety of WAYS at room temperature. The simplest polymer is the trimer (I), or y (GAMMA ) form.

Correct OPTION is (c) Sulphurous ACID

To explain I would say: The compound sulphurous acid is not a trioxide compound because it CONTAINS TWO OXYGEN compound whereas the other compounds have 3 oxygen atoms.

Correct choice is (b) Ion-exchange resins

The best I can explain: Polymeric sulfonates include DISPERSING agents, elastomers, WATER-soluble synthetic GUMS and THICKENING agents, and ion-exchange resins which function as strong ACIDS with complete water insolubility, an unusual combination of properties leading to many important applications.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) True

Easiest explanation: SULFONATING and SULPHATING AGENTS are of two types-inorganic and organic. The latter type is employed in the condensation procedures.

Correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

Best explanation: The major QUANTITY of sulfonates and sulfates is both marketed and used in salt form, the category includes detergents, emulsifying, de emulsifying, penetrating, wetting and SOLUBILIZING agents, lubricant ADDITIVES, and RUST INHIBITORS.

Correct OPTION is (a) True

Best explanation: Sulfated alkyl group into an organic compound. It is CONVENIENT to classify sulfonates into FOUR main CHEMICAL types: (1) aliphatic and alicyclic, (2) aromatic, (3) heterocyclic, and (4) N-sulfonates or sulfamates. The first three types have the -S020H group on carbon

Right choice is (b) REACTION of Organic SULFONATES

The EXPLANATION is: Condensation procedures refer to the reaction of organic sulfonate “BUILDING blocks” (such as HOCH2CH2S03Na) with other organic compounds (such as long-chain acid chlorides) to form new sulfonates with altered properties,these methods include sulfoalky

Correct answer is (a) -OSO2OH

Easy EXPLANATION: SULFATION INVOLVES placement of the -OS020H group on carbon, yielding an ACID sulphate (ROS020H), or of the -S04– group between two carbons, forming the sulphate ROS020R.

Right answer is (B) SULFOCHLORINATION

To explain I would say: INTRODUCTION of -SO2Cl is known as Sulfochlorination, which is used for Sulfonation.

The correct choice is (d) None of the mentioned

Best EXPLANATION: For SULFONATION, numerous methods are USED such as: sulfochlor

The correct answer is (c) -SO2-OH

To ELABORATE: Sulfonating may be defined as any chemical PROCESS by which the sulfonic acid GROUP -S020H, or the CORRESPONDING salt or sulfonyl halide group (e.g., -S02Cl), is INTRODUCED into an organic compound.