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Insectivorous plants trap insect because they grow in a soil which is deficient in nitrogen and insects help in fulfilling the nitrogen requirement of plants.

Because they perform two main function of photosynthesis and transpiration.

Venation: Arrangement of pattern of veins in a lanuina is called venation. 

It is mainly of two types : 

1. Reticulate venation : Veins and veinlets are irregularly distributed in the lamina forming a network. 

Example: mango, guava. 

2. Parallel venation: Veins run parallel to each other 

Example: Banana, grass, wheat

Terminal bud 

1. The buds that grow at the tips of the stems or its branches are called terminal or apical buds. 

2. They lead to an increase in the length of the stem.

Axillary bud 

1. These buds are present in the axil of a leaf i.e.-between a leaf and a stem. 

2. They give rise to new branches. 3. Simple leaf and compound leaf

Sometimes, the complete leaf or a part of the leaf is modified to perform a special function. 

Some of these modifications include: 

1. Leaf tendril: In case of certain weak stemmed plants, leaves or leaflets are modified into wiry, coiled structures called tendrils. They are sensitive to touch. As they touch any object, they coil around it and support the plant to climb up. Eg., Sweet pea (upper leaflets are modified into tendrils). 

2. Spines: Leaves are modified into spines to reduce water loss, like cactus. In prickly poppy, leaves bear spines on the margin. 

3. Scale leaves: In some plants, like onion and ginger, thin and dry or thick and fleshy scale leaves are present.Their function is to protect buds.

Functions of the roots are: 

1. They fix the plant firmly to the soil. 

2. They absorb water and minerals from the soil and transport it to the leaves through stem for manufacturing of food. 

3. Roots help in holding the soil together and prevent soil erosion. 

4. In some modified roots, they perform the function of storing food. e.g. Radish, carrot. 

5. Roots can also help in respiration in certain plants like mangroves.

Modification of leaves in Venus flytrap (an insectivorous plant) The leaves of Venus flytrap have long pointed hair. It is divided into two parts having midrib in between like a hinge. When an insect visits the leaf, it closes its two parts and traps the insect. The insect is then digested by secreting digestive juices.

Identify the plant which has compound leaves: 

(d) Rose

This leaf shows parallel venation:

(c) Banyan

Simple leaf: 

1. A leaf with single undivided leaf blade is called a simple leaf. e.g. Peepal, mango. 

Compound leaf : 

1. The leaf blade of a compound leaf is divided into many leaflets, e.g. Neem, palm trees.

The two main functions of leaves are – 

1. Photosynthesis – Green leaves contain chlorophyll which, in presence of sunlight, manufacture food using carbon-dioxide and water. 

2. Transpiration – Surface of leaves have minute pores which help in loss of water by evaporation. It has cooling effect making roots absorb more water due to suction.

Which one of the following is not an insectivorous plant—

 (d) Cactus

leaf: leaf is a part of plant whereas stigma, style and ovary are parts of female reproductive part of a plant (carpel).

stem : stem is a part of a plant whereas calyx, corolla and stamen are parts of a flower.

1. Bryophyllum is a plant whose leaves produce adventitious buds in their margin. 

2. The adventitious buds grow into new plants when they fall off from the parent plant.

The green, flat and broad part of the leaf is called ‘lamina’ or ‘leaf blade’.

root: stem, leaves and flowers are a part of shoot system whereas root forms the root system of a plant.

Two important functions of the stem are: 

1. Stem bears all the aerial parts like leaves, flowers and fruits. 

2. It conducts water and minerals upwards i.e. from roots to the leaves and transports food from leaves to all parts of the plant.

1. Potato — Tuber 

2. Onion — Bulb 

3. Ginger — Rhizome 

4. Cactus — Phylloclade

1. The part of the plant which grows under the ground: root

2. The part of the plant which grows above the soil: shoot

Leaves reduced to sprines in prickly pear reduce the loss of water by transpiration. Spines also protect the plant from the grazing animals.

Tomato and orange are both fruits as they are repened ovaries, (whereas a vegetable can be any part of a plant)

(i) Photosynthesis — The process by which plant leaf prepares or synthesises food from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is called photosynthesis. 

(ii) Tranpiration — This is the process by which there is a loss of water in the form of vapour by evaporation from the surface of leaves. It has cooling effect, it causes suction force to make roots absorb more water with mineral ions.

The point on the stem where leaves arise is  

b. node

The flower is borne on a short stalk called

c. pedicel.