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The correct CHOICE is (d) analog

The explanation: The analog transducers convert input into analog signal. The output is a continuous function of time. STRAIN GAUGE, LVDT, thermistor etc are analog transducers as they produce outputs which are a continuous function of time.

The correct ANSWER is (c) voltage generation through light

Explanation: In a photovoltaic TRANSDUCTION BASED system, measurand is converted into voltage when the junction between dissimilar ELEMENTS is illuminated.

Right option is (B) CONVERTED into electromotive force

For explanation: Electromagnetic transduction involves the CONVERSION of the measurand into electromotive force. Magnetic flux is PRODUCED as a result of the relative motion between the magnet and an ELECTROMAGNET.

The correct answer is (c) using EXTERNAL source

To explain I would say: Passive transducers develop electrical signals by means of an external source. They are usually KNOWN as externally POWER DRIVEN SOURCES.

Right option is (b) electrical parameter

Explanation: Active transducers are also KNOWN as self GENERATING TYPE of transducers. They DEVELOP an electrical voltage or current proportional to the quantity being MEASURED.

The correct ANSWER is (a) 4 types

For explanation I would SAY: ACTIVE TRANSDUCERS can be subdivided into four types. They are as follows:

• Photovoltaic

• Thermoelectric

• Piezoelectric

• Electromagnetic.

The CORRECT OPTION is (a) True

For explanation I would say: Electrical transducers are very expensive in nature. The AGEING and drift of the various electronic components act as an overhead in the USE of electrical transducers on a large scale.

Correct ANSWER is (c) small and compact

Easiest explanation: ELECTRICAL systems have INTEGRATED circuits that are small and compact. They can be easily PORTED as well.

The correct option is (b) MINIMUM

To ELABORATE: Electrical transducers have very minimum POWER requirements. Electrical transducer based SYSTEMS are CONTROLLED with a small amount of power.

Right option is (a) True

The explanation is: Electrical signals are easier to either AMPLIFY or ATTENUATE. By making use of STATIC devices such as FGK, electrical signals can be brought to a SUITABLE level.

The correct choice is (d) electrical signals

The BEST I can explain: Electrical transducers in general respond to physical quantities that are non-electrical such as pressure, temperature, FORCE ETC and generate EQUIVALENT electrical signals at their output.

The CORRECT choice is (c) physical SIGNALS

To explain: MECHANICAL transducers in general portray physical or mechanical signals at the output in RESPONSE to any physical changes in a system.

The correct ANSWER is (a) 2

For explanation I would SAY: There are BASICALLY two TYPES of transducers. They are as follows:

i) Mechanical

ii) Electrical.

The CORRECT option is (b) PHYSICAL changes

To explain I WOULD say: A mechanical transducer senses the changes in a system’s physical condition and GIVES an output. When a bimetallic strip is subjected to changes in temperature, the output is the displacement of the strip mechanically.

The correct answer is (a) True

For explanation I would say: A transducer basically converts a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, force, flow rate, etc into an ELECTRICAL forms such as VOLTAGE and current. A transducer is part of a LARGE circuit. It produces the REQUIRED output by operating along with several other elements.

The correct ANSWER is (d) 2 PARTS

Explanation: An ELECTRICAL TRANSDUCER basically consists of 2 parts. The first is known as the sensing element while the second is known as the TRANSDUCTION element. The first element is also known as a sensor.

Right choice is (b) False

Best explanation: In a PROCESS control system, feedback PATH measures the output parameters. It also PRODUCES a proportional analog SIGNAL in ELECTRIC form.

Correct choice is (c) physical QUANTITY to electrical form

For explanation I would say: A transducer basically converts a physical quantity such as temperature, PRESSURE, force, flow rate, etc into electrical form such as voltage and CURRENT.

The correct option is (a) measure P

To explain: In a process control ELEMENT, proper feedback is obtained by measuring the PARAMETER P. ELECTRICAL INPUT is REQUIRED in most of the process controllers as they are electronic in nature.

The correct choice is (d) 4 elements

The explanation: A typical process CONTROL SYSTEM consists of 4 elements. They are as follows:

• Process

• Measurement

• Controller

• Control element

The figure shown below ILLUSTRATES the process control LOOP.

Correct choice is (c) internal and external disturbances

To explain I would say: The physical parameters such as temperature, PRESSURE, flow rate, force, ETC in a process CONTROL system are affected due to both internal and external disturbances. As a result, constant corrective action is required to KEEP them at a constant VALUE.

Right option is (a) to control physical parameters

Explanation: A PROCESS control is MAINLY used in order to control the physical parameters INCLUDING temperature, pressure, FLOW rate, force, etc.