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LS -L –color

ls -l –color

This would cause the shell to look in the /usr/della/BIN DIRECTORY after LOOKING in the CURRENT directory and before looking in the /bin directory when SEARCHING for a command file.

This would cause the shell to look in the /usr/della/bin directory after looking in the current directory and before looking in the /bin directory when searching for a command file.

In ORDER to switch from any user type to a superuser, you use the su command. However, you will be asked to key in the CORRECT superuser password before FULL ACCESS privileges are granted to you.

In order to switch from any user type to a superuser, you use the su command. However, you will be asked to key in the correct superuser password before full access privileges are granted to you.

In this command, the output from the command “who” becomes the input to the “sort” command. At the same TIME, “sort” OPENS logfile, arranges it TOGETHER with the output from the command “who”, and PLACES the final sorted output to the file newfile.

In this command, the output from the command “who” becomes the input to the “sort” command. At the same time, “sort” opens logfile, arranges it together with the output from the command “who”, and places the final sorted output to the file newfile.

When a command line contains wild-card characters such as ‘*’ or ‘?’, these are replaced by the shell with a sorted list of files WHOSE pattern MATCHES the input command. Wild-card characters are used to setup a list of files for processing, instead of having it specified ONE at a TIME.

When a command line contains wild-card characters such as ‘*’ or ‘?’, these are replaced by the shell with a sorted list of files whose pattern matches the input command. Wild-card characters are used to setup a list of files for processing, instead of having it specified one at a time.

Normally, the newline character, which is GENERATED by the ENTER or RETURN key, acts as the signpost. However, the SEMICOLON and the ampersand characters can ALSO SERVE as command terminators.

Normally, the newline character, which is generated by the ENTER or RETURN key, acts as the signpost. However, the semicolon and the ampersand characters can also serve as command terminators.

When using the cat command to display FILE contents, large data that does not FIT on the screen WOULD SCROLL off without pausing, therefore making it difficult to view. On the other hand, using the more command is more appropriate in such cases because it will display file contents one screen page at a TIME.

When using the cat command to display file contents, large data that does not fit on the screen would scroll off without pausing, therefore making it difficult to view. On the other hand, using the more command is more appropriate in such cases because it will display file contents one screen page at a time.

The ROOT account is very important, and with abusive usage, can EASILY lead to system damage. That’s because safeguards that normally apply to USER accounts are not APPLICABLE to the root account.

The root account is very important, and with abusive usage, can easily lead to system damage. That’s because safeguards that normally apply to user accounts are not applicable to the root account.

The DIRECTORY ENTRY is unchanged, since the name and INODE number REMAIN unchanged. In the inode file, the file size, time of last access, and time of last modification are updated. In the file itself, the new material is added.

The directory entry is unchanged, since the name and inode number remain unchanged. In the inode file, the file size, time of last access, and time of last modification are updated. In the file itself, the new material is added.

SH – Bourne shell
csh – C SHell
bash – Bourne Again Shell
tcsh – enhanced C Shell
zsh – Z SHell
ksh – KORN SHell

sh – Bourne shell
csh – C SHell
bash – Bourne Again Shell
tcsh – enhanced C Shell
zsh – Z SHell
ksh – Korn SHell

• history mechanism with built-in editor that simulates emacs or vi
• built-in integer arithmetic
• string MANIPULATION capabilities
• command ALIASING
• arrays
• JOB control

TYPICAL COMMAND syntax under the UNIX SHELL FOLLOWS the format:

Command [-argument] [-argument] [–argument] [file]

Typical command syntax under the UNIX shell follows the format:

Command [-argument] [-argument] [–argument] [file]