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1.

In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job?Discuss.

Answer»

Permanent and regular job: Permanent and regular jobs are secure and employees get regular salary every month. People enjoying these jobs have bright future. They have fixed working hours and fixed salaries. They were also provided some facilities such as medical facilities, all national holidays, annual leaves , provident fund and savings for old age etc.

Casual job: Casual workers avail no job security.Their jobs are on temporary basis. The people were employed on daily wages. They were provided Rs. 70 to Rs. 100 per day. Their work is very hard and are also expected very long hours. Casual jobs are provided by private factories when their season is on full swing. They donot get other benefits like permanent employees.

2.

What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

Answer»

Sudha is a permanent worker with a company enjoys the following benefits with her salary: 

(i) Savings for old age:She deposits her salary in Provident Fund as a saving .When she retires from the job she will get the money along with interest and she can then live on that. 

(ii) Medical facilities for her family: Her company pays the medical expences up to a certain amount for her and her family members.She can get medical leave when she feels ill and also her company provide medical facilities to her. 

(iii) Holidays:She gets off on every Sunday national holidays and also gets some annual leaves.

3.

Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping, and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.

Answer»

These labourers at labour chowk are daily wages who work as helpers to masons.They wait with their tools for people to come and take them for work and generally get regular work. At labour chowk, number of workers are available at any time. Their jobs is for only one or two days. They spend their night on pavements or in the rein vasera built by Municipal Corporation. Their daily earning is not sure. Their economic position is unbalanced. They eat what they earn and spend on their families.