Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Correct option is (c) Urbanisation

Correct option is (c) 13.73%

Correct option is (b) 1961

Correct option is (c) 5.5%

Correct option is (b) Migration

Correct option is (c) Mechanisation

Correct option is (c) Characteristics

Correct option is (c) Cultural

Correct option is (c) agriculture

Correct option is (a) Nagpur

Correct option is (c) Slums

Correct option is (c) social harmony

Correct option is (b) Modernisation

• Migration from rural to urban areas can be reduced if employment opportunities are provided in the rural areas. 
• Infrastructure like transport, electricity, public distribution system, etc. need to be provided in the rural areas. 
• Educational institutes and health centres need to be upgraded in the rural areas.

Villages are transforming into cities. The growth of cities take place in a particular pattern.

• At first various industries like factories, mills, energy plants, multi-purpose projects3 etc., come up in rural areas. 
• People from surrounding areas come to work here and the population of the village increases. 
• To fulfill their needs other services develop like medical facilities, food, hospitals, recreation, etc. 
• The Gram Panchayat gives way to a Municipal Corporation.
• These bodies provide basic services to citizens like drinking water, roads, transportation, sewerage network, street lighting etc. 
• Other facilities develop like town planning recreation facilities, tourist places, parks etc.

• Urbanisation leads to development of a number of amenities and facilities in urban areas. 
• Transportation, communication, educational facilities, medical facilities, fire brigade, various sources of entertainment, etc. are examples of amenities in urban areas. 
• A good transportation not only makes a journey easier but also has a positive effect on freight transport, development of markets, trade, etc. 
• Development of higher educational facilities in urban areas attract students from rural areas to urban areas. E.g. Pune. 
• Development of high quality medical facilities in urban areas bring many patients and their family members from different parts of India to these areas.

• Creating more job opportunities in the rural areas so that migration is minimised. 
• Poverty alleviation schemes need to be implemented to improve the standard of living of the poor. 
• Initiative for improvement of sanitation, housing and other facilities must be facilitated.

• Amenities refers to facilities that provide comfort, convenience or pleasure to people. 
• Transportation, communication, educational and medical facilities, fire brigade, etc. are the examples of amenities available in urban areas. 
• Unemployed people who have migrated to the cities are unable to avail these amenities. 
• This leads to an increase in thefts, burglaries, scuffles5, murders, etc. which disturb the social harmony of the cities. e.g. Pick pocketing in the local trains.

Facilities necessary to be developed in urban areas for fulfilling the needs of the population are:

• Adequate water supply 
• Proper sewage system 
• Better means of transportation 
• Regular power supply 
• Sanitation 
• Health care centres 
• Schools and colleges.

• To reduce traffic jams, carpooling is a great way to get to and fro work. 
• Planning the route in advance will help to avoid any road construction or other traffic jams. 
• Making use of public transportation like Railways, BEST, etc. will also help in reducing traffic congestion and precious fuel.

• The increase in the number of migratory people causes an increase in the slums. 
• Generally migration from rural to urban areas takes place in search of job opportunities, which are hard to find. 
• The housing facilities do not increase in the same proportion as the population, so the poor migrants can not afford the housing in the cities.
• This encourages the migrants to build illegal temporary and semi-structured houses known as slums, in open spaces. e.g. Slums in Dharavi (Mumbai city)

Correct option is (c) housing facilities

The sources of water near the city gets polluted due to garbage from construction sites, and industrial areas, improper disposal of hazardous materials from garbage disposal companies, chemical spills and improper chemical disposal, sewage leaks, etc.

• A city which is carefully planned from its inception and is constructed in a previously undeveloped area is a planned city. 
• A planned city is one in which there is adequate infrastructural facilities like roads, railways, water supply, power supply, etc. 
• Also, there should be open spaces available for recreation facilities.

• The development and concentration of industries in a region is a factor contributing towards urbanisation. 
• Increase in industries leads to increase in the hopes of people who are attracted towards these industries from surrounding areas. 
• An increase in population leads to the development of infrastructural facilities like roadways, railways, power supply, water supply etc. which are the characteristics of a planned city. 
• In the 19th century, Mumbai grew rapidly because textile mills started on a large scale.

Correct option is (a) Pollution

Migration is a major factor affecting urbanisation.

In urban areas, people from different regions of the country migrate and exchange their wisdom, skills and knowledge resulting in modernisation.

Savarde’s proximity to the Konkan railway and conversion of important rail routes through Bhusawal (Dist. Jalgaon), led to the rapid growth of the village Savarde.

As people from different parts start living together in the cities, cultural and social customs as well as traditions are exchanged leading to social harmony

As Nagpur is centrally located in India, it faciliated trade and hence, urbanisation started increasing here.

As per the Census of India (1961), the population density of the settlement should be more than 400 persons per sq.km.

The types of migration based on time are:

• short-term migration 
• long-term migration and 
• permanent migration

Correct option is (b) Crime

Most of the slums are illegal, so they do not get basic facilities from the local self governments.

Transportation, communication, educational and medical facilities, fire brigade, etc. are some amenities and facilities that develop due to urbanisation.

There is an increase in secondary, tertiary and quaternary occupations with urbanisation.

The types of migration based on place are:

• rural to urban 
• urban to urban and 
• rural to rural

Many students pursuing higher education come to Pune city, as it is well-known for these facilities.

• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into natural environment that causes adverse changes. 
• Pollution can be that of air, water, noise, solid waste, etc. 
• Pollution can adversely affect the human health. 
• Water pollution can lead to several water borne diseases like typhoid, cholera etc. Air pollution can lead to asthma and other respiratory diseases. Noise pollution can lead to sleep disturbance, hearing impairment etc.

• Switching from coal, oil to natural gas as fuel in the industries. 
• Industrial areas should be located at a safe distance from residential areas.

• Swatch Bharat Abhiyan is a cleanliness campaign run by the Government of India. 
• One step towards cleanliness is the objective of this campaign.
• This campaign aims to keep the streets and infrastructure of the country’s cities, towns and its rural areas clean. 
• The funds for this programs are raised by ‘Swachchh Bharat Cess’.

In Mumbai along the Metro station route there are two settlements which have developed. They are Asalpha and Jagruti Nagar. Neither were very well-known places five years ago. But today they are important metro stations.