Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

P_t = P_o (B – D) + (I – E) ; where P_t = Population after time ‘t’ after census year. P_o = Population in the census year. 

B, D, I and E – Births, deaths, immigrations and emigrants in the time period.

It is the number of deaths occurring in the population OR It is the rate of decrease of population due deaths occurring in the population per 1000 population in the year.

Radix is the size of the cohort, and usually is 100,000 individuals.

If ASFR is calculated for the age group of 5 years, then, TFR = 5 ΣQuinqennial ASFR.

Cohort is a group of individuals who born at the same and experiences the same mortality conditions.

Vital events are the events, which are occurring, in human life such as births, deaths, sickness, marriages, divorce, migration etc.

Registration method and Census method.

Standardised death rate is the weighted Arithmatic mean of deaths in the different age groups and the standard population in the age group 

i.e; SDR  =\(\frac{∑PA}{∑P}\) 
where P – Standard Population ; A – ASDR’s.

It is the number of deaths occuring in the population in the given region of 1000 population.

MMR = \(\frac {\textit{No.of deaths of mothers due of child birth complication in the year}}{\textit{No. of live births occurring in the year}} \times 1000\)

Crude Death rate, Age specific death rate.

Vital Statistics is used, 

1. to study the Demographic structure & trend in the population 

2. use in public administration. 

3. use to operating agencies 

4. to researchers

Census method is the complete enumeration of each and every unit of the population of the particular area under study.

Infant mortality rate (I.M.R)

IMR = \(\frac {\textit{No. of deaths of infants in the year}}{\textit{No.of live births occuring in the year}} \times 1000\)

Longevity is the expected number of years that a newborn baby would live. OR “Life expectancy, of a new born baby is called Longevity”.

They are used in computation of actuarial of premium, bonus etc, of policies by Insurance Agencies. 

OR 

• Life Tables are used in research activities in Biology, Medicine, Pharmacology, Demography, Psychology, Sociology etc. 
• They are used to study population growth and forecast the size and sex distribution of the Population. 

OR 

• Life Tables give Mortality and Survival ratios at different ages. 
• Life tables give the life expectancy at different age. 

OR 

• These are useful in public administration, heath care, planning and population control

It is the expected number of years of life that a person of age ‘x’ can live there after.

Life table is a tabular presentation of numerical data describing the mortality experience of a cohort.

It is the sum of annual ASFR’s for all age groups (15 – 49) years, 

i.e., TFR = Σ annual ASFR’s. 

If it is calculated for the age groups of 5 years called quinquennial ASFR’s. 

Then, TFR = 5 Σ Quinquennial ASFR’s.

ASDR = \(\frac {\textit{No.of deaths in the specifed age group in the year}}{\textit{Average population in the specified age in the year}} \times 1000\)

ASFR = (0 – 5) years = \(\frac{410}{22000}\) x 1000 = 18.63

ASFR = (40 – 60) = \(\frac{510}{8000}\) x 1000 = 18.75.

It is the ratio that a randomly selected person aged ‘x’ years does not survive till the age of (x + 1) years denoted by \(q_x = \frac{d_x}{l_x}\) .

It is the ratio that a randomly selected person aged ‘x’ can survive till that age (x + 1) year denoted by P_x = 1= qx.

ASFR's = \(\frac {\textit{No.of live births occuring in the year in the specified age group}}{\textit{Average population of women in the year in the specified age group}} \times 1000\)

ASFR = (10 – 20) = \(\frac{410}{15000}\) x 1000 = 27.3

ASFR = (20 – 40) = \(\frac{650}{22000}\) x 1000 = 29.55.

If ASFR’s calculated for the age group of 5 years. It is called Quinquennial ASFR’s.

TFR = 5 ΣQuinqennial ASFR = 5 x 400 = 2000 . 

• CBR is the average number of live birth occuring in the year per 1000 population.
• ASFR is the average number of live births occuring in the specified age group in the year per 1000 women in the specific age group.
• CBR, does not include the age and sex composition of the population. 
• ASFR it includes the age and sex composition of the population.

CDR = \(\frac {\textit{Number of deaths occurring in the year}}{\textit{Average population in the year}} \)

8 = \(\frac {\textit{Number of deaths occurring in the year}}{\textit{300,000}} \times1000; Number\, of \,deaths = 2400.\)

• CDR is the number of deaths occuring in the year per 1000 population.
• ASDR in the number of deaths occuring in the specific age group in the year per 1000 population of the specific age group. 
• CDR does not consider the age composition of the population. 
• ASDR takes into consideration of the age composition of the population.

Crude Death Rate (C.D.R.)

C.D.R. = \(\frac {\textit{Number of deaths occurring in the year}}{\textit{Average population in a year}} \times 1000\)

8 = \(\frac {\textit{Number of deaths}}{\textit{300,000}} \times 1000,\)

Number of deaths = 2,400.

T.F.R = ΣQuinquennial ASF 

Rs = 5 [26 + 63 + 65 + 46 + 24 + 13 + 7] 

= 1220.

Maternal Mortality Rate –

M.M.R. = \(\frac {\textit{No.of deats of mothers due to child birth}}{\textit{No. of live births occurring in the year}} \times 1000\)

= \(\frac{35}{3250}\times 1000\)

M.M.R = 10.769.

Census method is the method of complete enumeration of each and every unit of the population of the particular area under study, in India Decennial census [once in every ten years]are conducted, at the census, including all the vital events, an exhaustive information regarding economic and social status of the population are also collected.

MMR is defined as the ‘the number of deaths of mothers due child birth occurring in a region’ for every 100,000 births occurring in the year.

(a) CDR is a approximate measure of mortality-SDR is used for comparison of mortality 

CDR does not consider the age composition of the population- SDR consider the age composition of the Population. Differences between CDR and SDR:

(b) CBR indicates the growth of population of due to births-GFR does not indicate the growth of population due to births, because it is based on only a part of the population CBR considers the population as a whole-GFR considers only women population of childbearing age.

Crude Birth rate, General Fertility, etc.

It is the number of live births occurring to women of child bearing age OR It is rate of increase of population due births occurring to women of child bearing age per 1000 population in the year.

If the A.S.F.R’s calculated with a width of 5 years are called Quinquennial ASFR’s.

Registration method is the method of continuous, permanent and compulsory recording of vital events due to the legal importance occurring in the population as and when they happen. Vital statistics are obtained from the records of Zilla panchayath offices, Taluk panchayath offices, Hospitals etc, when births are registered the information regarding sex of a baby, age and religion of a mother, father are recorded.

TFR = 5 ΣQuinquennial ASFRs 

= 5 x [25 + 60 + 70 + 40 + 20 + 12 + 5] 

= 5 x 232 

= 1160.