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351.

What do you mean by solubility of a solute in a solvent ?

Answer»

The solubility of a solute in a solvent at a particular temperature is the amount of solute that can be dissolved in 100 mL of water at that temperature.

352.

State two factors by which solubility of a solute in a solvent can be increased.

Answer»

Two factors are : 

1. Stirring. 

2. Increase in temperature.

353.

Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?

Answer»

The factors affecting the movement of ocean water are:

  • Temperature
  • Earth's rotation
  • Gravitational pull of sun and moon
  • Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
354.

What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?

Answer»

The factors affecting the height of waves are:

  • High speed of wind
  • Duration of wind
  • Distance the wind blows on water
  • Earthquake
  • Volcanic Eruption
  • Underwater Landslides
355.

What is precipitation?

Answer»

(i) Precipitation in the deposition of moisture from the atmosphere onto the earth's surface.This may be in the form of rain, hail, frost, fog, sleet or snow.

356.

The process of adding chlorine in adequate amounts to water is called ………(a) Sterilisation (b) Ozonisation (c) Aeration (d) Chlorination

Answer»

(d) Chlorination

357.

Two persons A and B got burns one with boiling water at `100^(@)C` and other due to steam at `100^(@)C` respectivley. Which person is affected more?A. AB. BC. Both A and B to the same extentD. None of the above

Answer» Correct Answer - B
B will get severe burns as latent heat of vapourization of 540 cal/g is stored within the molecules of steam.
358.

Density of water is maximumA. at `0^(@)C`B. at `4^(@)C`C. above `4^(@)C`D. below `4^(@)C`

Answer» Correct Answer - B
Density of water is maximum at `4^(@)C`.
359.

The salts of which among the pairs of metals cause greater water pollution?A. Calcium, aluminiumB. Mercury, cadmiumC. Calcium, cadmiumD. Calcium, mercury

Answer» Correct Answer - B
salts of mercury and cadmium cause greater water pollution.
360.

Which among the following liquids has the highest specific heat?A. PetrolB. MercuryC. OilD. Water

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Water has the highest specific heat among all the substances.
361.

Which of the following is not a stable water resource?A) Pond B) River C) Tank D) Well

Answer»

correct option is B) River

362.

Wealthy but not healthy agriculture can be achieved byA. introducing biogas plantsB. using natural pesticidesC. using drip irrigationD. introducing artificial fertilizers

Answer» Correct Answer - D
By introducing artifical fertilizers, crop yield is improved but at the same time it contributes to water pollution.
363.

Which of the following substances used in agriculture does not cause water pollution to large extent?A. ManuresB. PesticidesC. FertilizersD. Insecticides

Answer» Correct Answer - A
Adding of manure to soil causes less pollution because it is a organic matter and can be decomposed by micro organisms.
364.

What is the specific measurement of volume for liquids?

Answer»

Water and other liquids are measured in litres.

365.

Which of the following is comes under Agriculture use of water? A) Germination of seed B) Bathing C) Cleaning D) Washing

Answer»

correct option is A) Germination of seed

366.

The specific unit of measurement of the volume of water A) Metres B) CentimetresC) Litres D) Sq.metre

Answer»

correct option is C) Litres

367.

Electrolysis principle is not used in the following processes :A. plating of silver on copperB. extraction of metalsC. refining of metalsD. purification of drinking water

Answer» Electrolysis principle is not used in the purification of drinking water.
368.

What is drainage system ?

Answer»

Drainage system: Arrangement made to carry out wastewater and other material from homes.

369.

Define the term Percolation tank. 

Answer»

Percolation tank: The tank which is used for filtration.

370.

Define the term bar screen.

Answer»

Bar screen: Rags, sucks, cans, plastic packets, etc. removes from the waste water.

371.

What is check dam ?

Answer»

Check dam: A type of dam constructed across a minor channel.

372.

What is rockfill dam?

Answer»

Rockfill dam: To conserve water to revive the forest area

373.

Providing excess food for fish in an aquarium is a threat to its survival. Justify.

Answer»

When we add more food materials into water, the dissolved oxygen is utilized to decompose the food materials. So the amount of oxygen is reduced and the water is polluted.

374.

Give the reason for temporary hardness of water.

Answer»

The hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium or magnesium bicarbonate. This type of hardness is called temporary hardness.

375.

Hardness of water is not removed even after it is boiled. What may be the reason for this?

Answer»

This is due to chloride and sulphate of magnesium and calcium are dissolved in water.

376.

What is meant by soft water?

Answer»

The water which gives lather readily with soap is called soft water.

377.

Water kept in sunlight gets heat from sun and is evaporated. But how does water kept under the shade of a tree also gets evaporated? Explain.

Answer»

Air around us gets heated from sunlight. This warm air provides heat for evaporation of water kept in the shade.

378.

How do the areas covered with concrete affect the availability of ground water?

Answer»

Areas covered with concrete reduce the seepage of rain water into the ground and this reduces the availability of ground water.

379.

South-West monsoons

Answer»

South-West monsoons:  South-West monsoon Is the rain-bearing seasonal winds that flow from the Arabian sea to the mainland of India from the South-West direction.

South-West monsoon Is the rain-bearing seasonal winds that flow from the Arabian sea to the mainland of India from the South-West direction.

380.

Why is there a need for conserving water? Give two reasons.

Answer» (i) Increasing population need more water.
(ii) Availability of water is decreasing day-by-day.
381.

What is North-East monsoons?

Answer»

North-East monsoons: North-East monsoons is the weak rain-bearing seasonal winds that flow when the South-West monsoon retreats from the Indian mainland.

382.

Fill in the blanks selecting words from the following list snow, rain, clouds, vapour, evaporation, transpiration.Water, as _____ goes into atmosphere by the processes of ______ and _____ and forms ________, which on condensation fall in the form of ______ and _______.

Answer»

vapour, evaporation, transpiration, clouds, snow, rain.

383.

What is Hall stones?

Answer»

Hall stones: Sometimes big drops of water solidify into ¡ce and fall as pieces of ice known as hailstones.

384.

Which of the following is not a water-related disaster? A) Floods B) Earthquake C) Tsunami D) Drought

Answer»

Correct option is B) Earthquake

385.

Explain deforestation.

Answer»

Deforestation: The forests are destroyed by cutting trees and not replanting them.

386.

The water cycle revolves around the followingA) Earth B) Oceans C) Atmosphere D) All the above

Answer»

Correct option is D) All the above

387.

Deforestation generally decreases the …………………. A) Soil erosionB) Drought C) Rainfall D) Global warming

Answer»

Correct option is C) Rainfall

388.

Which of the following disturbs the water cycle? A) Deforestation B) Pollution C) Global warming D) All the above

Answer»

Correct option is D) All the above

option d -all of the above 

389.

The pair of ions which does not cause hardness of water isA. sulphate, chlorideB. bicarbonate, chlorideC. bicarbonate, sulphateD. nitrate, phosphate

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Nitrate and phosphate ions do not cause hardness of water
390.

Which of the following processes is not involved in the purification of drinking water?A. SedimentationB. FiltrationC. ChlorinationD. Distillation

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Distillation process is not involved in the purification of drinking water.
391.

Spring water usually containsA. dissolved saltsB. mineralsC. suspended impuritiesD. both 1 and 2

Answer» Correct Answer - D
Spring water is used for medicinal purposes because it contains dissolved salts, and minerals but not suspended impurities.
392.

Explain about dew.

Answer»

Dew: Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning due to condensation.

393.

Rajasthan has a vast stretch of desert. What are the major causes of soil erosion and how can it be checked? Based on the above clues, write an article for the Indian Express on Soil Conservation. राजस्थान में रेगिस्तान का बहुत बड़ा क्षेत्र है । मृदा अपरदन के मुख्य कारण क्या हैं और इसे कैसे रोका जा सकता है? उपर्युक्त संकेतों के आधार पर मृदा-संरक्षण पर Indian Express के लिए एक लेख लिखिए।

Answer»

Soil Conservation Rajasthan has a vast stretch of desert. Most of the land is devoid of the plantation, soil erosion is a very common phenomenon. The soil is bare, the wind picks up speed due to the flat land and blows away the unprotected soil. Even though rain falls infrequently in Rajasthan; when it does rain, it causes a large run of surplus water that washes away the top layer of the soil as we saw during the rainy season of 2017 in some parts of Rajasthan. The flood in Pali, Jalore and Rajsamand etc. caused a lot of soil erosion, The best step in the direction of soil conservation is planting appropriate trees. The construction of bunds to check the flow of water will also prove helpful. 

मृदा-संरक्षण राजस्थान में रेगिस्तान का बहुत बड़ा क्षेत्र है। अधिकांश भूमि वृक्षों से रहित होने के कारण मृदा अपरदन एक सामान्य परिदृश्य है। मिट्टी के खुले होने के कारण और भूमि समतल होने के कारण हवा तेजी से बहती है और असुरक्षित मिट्टी को उड़ा ले जाती है। यद्यपि राजस्थान में वर्षा रुक-रुककर होती है परन्तु जब होती है तो बड़ी मात्रा में फालतू पानी बह जाता है जिससे मिट्टी की ऊपरी सतह बह जाती है। जैसा कि हमने वर्ष 2017 की वर्षा ऋतु में राजस्थान के कुछ भागों में देखा था। पाली, जालौर, राजसमन्द आदि जिलों में बाढ़ ने काफी मात्रा में मृदा अपरदन किया। मृदा-संरक्षण की दिशा में सर्वोत्तम कदम है- समुचित वृक्षारोपण। जल के बहाव को रोकने के लिए बन्धों का निर्माण भी इस कार्य में सहायक होगा।

394.

Atal Bihari Vajpai planned to connect rivers of India which C.V. Raman also mentions in this essay. How will the project benefit India? अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी ने नदियों को जोड़ने की योजना बनाई थी जिसका उल्लेख सी.वी. रमन भी इस निबन्ध में करते हैं। यह परियोजना भारत को किस प्रकार लाभ पहुँचाएगी?

Answer»

At present most of the Indian rivers are flooded during the rainy season and a large amount of water runs to waste. These very rivers run almost dry during summer. So if the rivers are linked, surplus rainwater may be utilized and will help to develop the country in many ways. Interlinking of all the national rivers project aims at increasing the amount of surface water and eradicating the usage of groundwater for irrigation. This will also increase the arable area. Crop productivity will improve and food availability will increase. More agriculture will provide jobs to many a youth and resultantly improve the economy of the country. These rivers can also be used as waterways that are a cheap mode of transport. 

वर्तमान में भारत की अधिकांश नदियाँ वर्षा ऋतु में जलाप्लावित हो जाती हैं और काफी मात्रा में जल व्यर्थ ही बह जाता है। ये ही नदियाँ गर्मियों में अधिकांशतः सूख जाती हैं। इसलिए यदि इन नदियों को जोड़ दिया जाये तो अधिशेष वर्षा जल का उपयोग हो सकेगा और कई प्रकार से देश का विकास हो सकेगा। देश की सभी नदियों को आपस में जोड़ने का उद्देश्य है भूमि के ऊपर बहने वाले जल की मात्रा में वृद्धि करना और सिंचाई के लिए भूमिगत जल के उपयोग को पूरी तरह समाप्त करना। इससे कृषि के योग्य भू-भाग में भी वृद्धि होगी। फसल-उत्पादन में सुधार होगा और भोजन की उपलब्धता में वृद्धि होगी। अधिक कृषि होने से बहुत से नवयुवकों को रोजगार मिलेगा और इसके परिणामस्वरूप देश की अर्थव्यवस्था में सुधार होगा। इन नदियों का प्रयोग जलमार्गों के रूप में भी किया जा सकता है जो कि यातायात के सस्ते साधन हैं।

395.

What are the various measures suggested to check soil erosion and why?मृदा अपरदन को रोकने हेतु सुझाये गये विविध उपाय क्या हैं और क्यों?

Answer»

Soil erosion is the situation when the upper layer of ground is washed away. This is a very serious situation as it leaves the land unfertile as well as unfit for vegetation to grow. Main causes of soil erosion- sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain, the slope of the land, removal of a natural protective coat of vegetation, the existence of ruts (deep tracks) along which water can flow rapidly, and the absence of any checks of such flow. Preventive measures-terracing of the land, construction of bunds to check the flow of water, contour cultivation, and the planting of appropriate trees. These measures are to be taken into practice to save environment to enhance cultivation as well as to help our economy to grow. 

जमीन की ऊपरी सतह का बह जाना मृदा अपरदन कहलाता है। यह बहुत गम्भीर स्थिति होती है क्योंकि यह मिट्टी को अनुपजाऊ व वनस्पति उगने के आयोग बना देती है। मृदा अपरदन के कारणअचानक अत्यधिक तीव्र वर्षा का होना, भूमि का ढलावदार होना, वनस्पति के प्राकृतिक रक्षा कवच का ह्मस (नष्ट होना), नालीनुमा गड्ढ़ों का होना जिनसे जल तेजी से बह सकता है, और जल रोकने हेतु बन्धों का न होना। रोकथाम के उपाय- भूमि को सोपानकृत करना, जल के प्रवाह को रोकने हेतु बन्धों का निर्माण, सीढ़ीदार खेत बनाकर खेती करना और उचित प्रकार के वृक्ष लगाना। वातावरण को बचाने के लिए, उपज को बढ़ाने के लिए वे अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था की वृद्धि के लिए इन उपायों को अपनाने की आवश्यकता है।

396.

What are the various measures suggested to check soil erosion? मृदा-अपरदन को रोकने के लिए सुझाये गए विविध उपाय क्या हैं?

Answer»

These measures are terracing of land, contour cultivation and construction of bunds to check the flow of water. Besides, appropriate trees should be planted in all possible and even impossible areas. 

ये उपाय हैं – भूमि को सोपानकृत करना, सीढ़ीदार खेती करना और पानी के बहाव को रोकने के लिए बन्धों का निर्माण। इसके अतिरिक्त, सभी सम्भव तथा यहाँ तक कि असम्भव स्थानों पर समुचित वृक्षों का रोपण किया जाना चाहिए।

397.

Why is water conservation necessary for our country? हमारे देश के लिए जल-संरक्षण आवश्यक क्यों है?

Answer»

No agricultural and physiological activity is possible without water. India is primarily an agricultural country. Ours is mainly an agriculture-based economy. Agriculture in India depends on seasonal rainfall. Often the rain is inadequate or irregular so agriculture suffers badly. If water is conserved, it will prove very valuable for irrigation and power production. Conserved water will directly help in irrigation, and the electricity produced by water will also help in irrigation by tapping underground water through tube wells etc. Conservation of water is necessary in order to keep life going during the period when there is very little or no rainfall. Vast areas of scrubland can be turned into fertile fields with proper use of water. Hence, water conservation is necessary for our country. 

जल के बिना कृषि व अन्य किसी भी प्रकार की जैविक क्रिया सम्भव नहीं है। भारत मुख्य रूप से एक कृषिप्रधान देश है। हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था मुख्यतः कृषि पर आधारित है। भारत में कृषि मौसमी वर्षा पर निर्भर करती है। अधिकांशतः वर्षा अपर्याप्त होती है या अनियमित होती है इसलिए यहाँ कृषि बुरी तरह प्रभावित होती है। यदि जल  संरक्षण किया जाए तो यह कृषि हेतु सिंचाई और विद्युत उत्पादन में बेहद लाभदायक सिद्ध होगा। संरक्षित जल सिंचाई में प्रत्यक्ष रूप से सहायक होगा, और जल से बनाई गई विद्युत भी ट्यूबवैल इत्यादि के माध्यम से भूमिगत जल उपलब्ध कराकर सिंचाई में सहायता करेगी। बहुत कम या बिल्कुल वर्षा न होने वाले समय में जीवन को जारी रखने के लिए जल-संरक्षण आवश्यक है। व्यर्थ पड़ा एक बड़ा भू-क्षेत्र जले के उचित उपयोग द्वारा उपजाऊ क्षेत्र में परिवर्तित किया जा सकता है । अतः जल संरक्षण हमारे देश के लिए आवश्यक है।

Water conservation is basically preventing the depletion of water resources due to over-utilization and exploitation.

The major reasons behind the depletion of resources are:-
⏩Over-utilization of resources in order to fulfil the greed of people.
⏩Unequal distribution of resources which has divided the society into two segments, that is, 'haves' and 'have nots' or rich and poor.
⏩Ecological crises such as Global Warming, Depletion of Ozone Layer, Environmental Pollution, Degradation of resources, etc.

So, why is conservation of water, which is two third of the earth's area, necessary?
Have a look at the following data.

⏺️As per the UN World Water Development estimation 2003, 96.5 per cent of the total volume of world's water exists as oceans and only 2.2 per cent exists as fresh water.
⏺️70% of fresh water occurs as Ice sheet and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and mountainous regions of the world.
⏺️30% of water restored groundwater in the world aquifers.
⏺️India receives four per cent of the global precipitation, but ranks 133rd in the world in terms of water availability per person per year.
⏺️It is predicted that by 2025, large parts of India will face absolute water scarcity.

As the above data clearly states, there are ample water resources present in India but the water present in the form of fresh water is in a very small amount according to the basic needs of ours. At present, water depletion and pollution is a serious problem and must be taken care of. Also, industries need water in large amounts to produce hydroelectric it and the also use the rivers to dump the industrial effluents. Almost all the steams in India are contaminated and major rivers like the Ganges and the Yamuna are far from being pure. Thus, it is very important to conserve water at the right time in order to prevent the situation predicted in 2025.
398.

What is the true Elixir? (a) honey (b) desi ghee (c) medicine (d) water

Answer»

Correct answer is (d) water

399.

Why is water considered true elixir of life?

Answer»

Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and plant contains a substantial proportion of free or combined water in its body, and the fluid is an essential part in all physiological activities. Thus, since it is the most uncommon of liquids with amazing properties which are responsible for its unique power of maintaining animal and plant life, it is called true elixir of life.

400.

How will planting of suitable trees help in providing a source of wealth to the country?देश को सम्पदा का एक स्रोत उपलब्ध कराने में उपयुक्ते वृक्षारोपण कैसे सहायता करेगा?

Answer»

Trees provide a number of products that help a country’s economy grow. Planting of suitable trees will turn vast areas of land into fertile ones which will help in providing a source of wealth to the country. 

वृक्ष हमें बहुत से उत्पाद उपलब्ध कराते हैं जो देश की अर्थव्यवस्था की वृद्धि में सहायक होते हैं। उपयुक्त वृक्षारोपण भूमि के बड़े भागों को उपजाऊ भूमि में बदल देगा जो कि देश को सम्पदा का एक स्रोत उपलब्ध कराने में सहायता देगा।