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Equatorial region is noted for more active chemical weathering due to excess of temperature and water ; tropical region is remarkable for formation of laterite soil by mixing of oxides of iron and aluminium in the soil due to change in heating and much evaporation.

The following atmospheric gases help in the process of chemical weathering: 

1. Oxygen 

2. Hydrogen 

3. Carbon dioxide

Weak acids, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen.

Weathering is the process of breaking down of rocks but not its removal. It is described as disintegration or decomposition of a rock in size by natural agents at or near the surface of the earth. 

Chief characteristics of weathering are disintegration of rocks, chemical change in rocks, change in the surface of land, formation of soil, several processes involved in weathering like temperature and weather change and reactions, transportation of rock material from one place to another resulting in formation of large plains like Northern plain of India.

These are solution, carbonation, oxidation and hydration.

Physical Weathering : 

1. Rock disintegration without any change in chemical constituents of rocks takes place. 

2. Factors such as temperature, moisture, pressure cause physical break-up of rocks. 

3. It takes place in hot dry and cold areas due to rapid temperature changes. 

4. Rocks are affected to great depths. 5. Its agents are temp erature and moisture.

Chemical Weathering : 

1. Mineral in rocks are dissolved or altered. 

2. Temperature, moisture, etc., cause minerals in rocks to dissolve in water or convert them into other minerals. 

3. It takes place in hot and humid areas due to chemical action of minerals in rocks. 

4. It mostly takes place near the surface of the earth. 

5. Its agents are solution, oxidation, carbonation and hydration.

Physical weathering does disintegration of rock without chemical reaction and the chemical weathering does change in chemical compounds within rock.

^{1. Limestone and chalk landforms of Karst region of Yugoslavia.} 

^{2. Weathering of granite rocks in Malaysia.}

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