Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

To FORM an AQUEOUS DISPERSION.

To form an aqueous dispersion.

Terrasil, Foron, Palanil, pesonil, SAMARA, DISPERSAL.

Terrasil, Foron, Palanil, pesonil, Samara, Dispersal.

STABLE ELECTRON MANAGEMENT.

Stable electron management.

LIGHT FASTNESS RATING 4-5 and WASHING fastness is 3-4.

Light fastness rating 4-5 and washing fastness is 3-4.

Because it is non soluble, non IONIC dye and molecularly DISPERSED, further DISPERSING agents are USED with the dye.

Because it is non soluble, non ionic dye and molecularly dispersed, further dispersing agents are used with the dye.

 1. Discontinuous METHOD:

{Jigger dyeing machine

(woven), Winch dyeing machine (knitted), Jet dyeing

machine (woven + knitted)},

2. Semi continuous method:

(Pad JIG method, Pad steam method),

3. Continuous method:

(Pad dry method, Pad steam method).

 1. Discontinuous method:

{Jigger dyeing machine

(woven), Winch dyeing machine (knitted), Jet dyeing

machine (woven + knitted)},

2. Semi continuous method:

(Pad jig method, Pad steam method),

3. Continuous method:

(Pad dry method, Pad steam method).

• Dye:4%
• salt:80gm/L
• SODA ash:20gm/l
• M:L : 1:15
• temp:50-90º C
• time:1-0.5hr

• Dye:3%
• salt:60 gm/L
• SODA ash:15gm/l
• M:L : 1:10
• temp:60º C
• time:1hr.

PH, TEMPERATURE, dyeing TIME, liquor ratio,CONCENTRATION of electrolyte

PH, temperature, dyeing time, liquor ratio,concentration of electrolyte

To remove EXTRA and unfixed dyes from material SURFACE and is NECESSARY for LEVEL dyeing and GOOD wash fastness.

To remove extra and unfixed dyes from material surface and is necessary for level dyeing and good wash fastness.

By MAINTAINING PROPER PH by ADDING ALKALI.

By maintaining proper PH by adding alkali.

NaCl.

NaCl.

To ASSIST the EXHAUSTION of DYE.

To assist the exhaustion of dye.

1. EXHAUSTION of DYE,
2. FIXATION,
3. WASH off.

The REACTION of DYE with WATER.

The reaction of dye with water.

• LIGHT: 4,
• washing: 4,
• HYDRO CHLORITE BLEACHING: 2.

1. CHLORO triazinyl,
2. VINYL sulphone,
3. HETEROCYCLE HALOGEN.

HOT BRAND and COLD brand.

Hot brand and cold brand.

1. High REACTIVITY (Procion M),
2. MODERATE reactivity(LIVA fix E),
3. LOW reactivity (Premazine).

VINYL sulphone (Remazol), vinyl SULPHONAMIDE (Levafix), vinyl ACRYLAMIDE (Primazine).

Vinyl sulphone (Remazol), vinyl sulphonamide (Levafix), vinyl acrylamide (Primazine).

1. Triazine GROUP (Procion, Cibacron, PYRIMIDINE ETC),
2. QUINOXALINE (Levafix, DICHLORO quinuxaline).

2 TYPES (1. Halogenated HETEROCYCLES, 2. Acivated VINYL compounds.).

2 types (1. Halogenated heterocycles, 2. Acivated vinyl compounds.).

3:1 to 7:1

3:1 to 7:1

15:1

15:1

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE of CELLULOSE MOLECULE

Chemical structure of cellulose molecule

PH and TIME.

PH and time.

REACTIVITY INCREASES.

Reactivity increases.

Up to 90%

Up to 90%

BINDING also INCREASE depending on dye structure.

Binding also increase depending on dye structure.

The REACTIVITY of VINYL sulhone GROUP is LESS than HALOGEN group.

The reactivity of vinyl sulhone group is less than halogen group.

REACTION between REACTIVE and CELLULOSE FIBER

Reaction between reactive and cellulose fiber

COLOR, which is DETERMINED by chromogen GROUP.

Color, which is determined by chromogen group.

GOOD washing fastness, good LIGHT shade, lower cost, EASIER method etc.

Good washing fastness, good light shade, lower cost, easier method etc.

General FORMULA of reactive DYE

Where ,

R= Chromophore,

C= Cellulose.

General formula of reactive dye

Where ,

R= Chromophore,

C= Cellulose.

REACTIVE DYE contain reactive GROUP and this reactive group makes covalent bonds with the fibres and BECOMES part of the fibre, THATS why reactive dye is so called.

Reactive dye contain reactive group and this reactive group makes covalent bonds with the fibres and becomes part of the fibre, thats why reactive dye is so called.

CELLULOSE FIBRE.

Cellulose fibre.

Dye that reacts with the textile fiber to PRODUCE both a HYDROXYL and an oxygen linkage, the chlorine combining with the hydroxyl to FORM a strong ether linkage; gives FAST, brilliant colors.

Dye that reacts with the textile fiber to produce both a hydroxyl and an oxygen linkage, the chlorine combining with the hydroxyl to form a strong ether linkage; gives fast, brilliant colors.

PIGMENT is 100% WATER INSOLUBLE.

Pigment is 100% water insoluble.

After WASHING which AMOUNT of DYES are CONTACT with the FIBRE.

After washing which amount of dyes are contact with the fibre.

The proocess by which the dye molecules COME out from the inner SIDE of the TEXTILE material in PARTICULAR CONDITION (mil, time, temple).

The proocess by which the dye molecules come out from the inner side of the textile material in particular condition (mil, time, temple).

It is the PROCESS when DYE MOLECULES ENTER into the FIBRE

It is the process when dye molecules enter into the fibre

It is the PROCESS when DYE molecules cime to the surface of the FIBRE.

It is the process when dye molecules cime to the surface of the fibre.

It is the process when adsorption, sorption and DESORPTION COMPLETED then total DYE MOLECULES enters into fibre

It is the process when adsorption, sorption and desorption completed then total dye molecules enters into fibre

INTIAL EXHAUSTION on the FIBRE in a DYE BATH.

Intial exhaustion on the fibre in a dye bath.

The ATTRACTION of DYES to the TEXTILE MATERIAL.

The attraction of dyes to the textile material.

FASTNESS PROPERTIES of DYE INCREASED and DECREASED of washing fastness.

Fastness properties of dye increased and decreased of washing fastness.

The rate of dye transfer from the dye SOLUTION to the textile MATERIAL, also the distribution of dye MOLECULES in the textile material.

The rate of dye transfer from the dye solution to the textile material, also the distribution of dye molecules in the textile material.

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLAN.

Effluent treatment plan.

SCAL is the MIXTURE of CACO3 & Mg(OH)2

Scal is the mixture of CaCO3 & Mg(OH)2

WATER TREATMENT PLANT.

Water treatment plant.