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Nazi party leader Hitler in Germany, Fascist party leader Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in U.S.S.R, General Franco in Spain and Prime Minister Hideki Tojo of Japan were the major dictators clamouring for war.

U.S.A, England, France, Russia, China are the five permanent members of the Security Council.

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente were the two rival alliances formed during the First World War.

Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allied countries and Germany. It was signed on 28^th June 1919.

Germany, Italy, and Japan were the Axis Powers.

First World War began on 28^th July 1914 and ended on 11^th November 1918.

‘Gestapo’ was the secret police organized by Hitler, to suppress all the opposition to his regime.

After the First World War the Allied Powers met at Paris for the first time to arrange the terms of Peace. In the Paris Peace Conference the victorious Allies dictated the peace treaties. The main participants in the conference were Woodrow Wilson, the President of America, Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of England, Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France and Orlando, the Prime Minister of Italy. Five separate treaties were signed by the Allied countries with Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria of them, the most important was the Treaty of Versailles signed between the Allies and Germany on 28th June, 1919. The date was the fifth anniversary of the murder of Archduke, Francis Ferdinand of Austria. The Allied Powers strongly held Germany responsible for the destruction and suffering caused by the war. Germany was forced to sign the Treaty. It was humiliated and hurt by this Treaty.

Provisions of the Treaty: 

1. Alsace and Loraine provinces of Germany were given back to France. France also acquired the Saar coal basin of Germany for a period of 15 years as compensation for the destruction of the coal mines in the north of France.

2. Schleswig and Holstein were given to Denmark by Germany. Danzig was snatched away from Germany and declared a free port. 

3. Rhineland area was completely demilitarized. All existing forts in the area were demolished and instructions were given not to build any more forts. 

4. The independence of Poland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia were recognized by Germany. 

5. Germany gave up all its colonies to the Allies. These were divided between England, France, Japan, and others. 

6. Germany was made responsible for the losses of the First World War. So, Germany was made to pay a huge war indemnity of 6,600 million Pounds.

7. Germany was disarmed. The sizes of its army and navy were reduced. The German army was cut down to 1,00,000 soldiers. The import and export of weapons were prohibited. It also imposed a restriction on the manufacture of machine guns and rifles. German warships were converted into commercial ships. Germany was not allowed to maintain Tanks, Submarines and Military aircraft. 

President Woodrow Wilson of U S A.

‘Reichstag’ is the German Parliament.

Nagasaki and Hiroshima are the cities of Japan where Atom bombs were dropped during the Second World War.

In December 1941, Japan attacked the naval base of the USA at Pearl Harbour in the Pacific Ocean. Several American ships were sunk and there was a huge loss of property and lives. This forced America to join the war on the side of the Allies.

Israel was created in 1948 for the Jews.

Harry S. Truman, the American President ordered the American Air Force to drop Atom bombs f on Japan.