(a) Write the reactions involved in the following : (i) Etard reaction.(ii) Stephen reduction. (b) How will you convert the following is not more than two steps : (i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde.(ii) Acetophenone to benzoic acid. (iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-hydroxyethenoic acid.

(a) Write the reactions involved in the following : (i) Etard reactio

1.	(a) Write the reactions involved in the following : (i) Etard reaction.(ii) Stephen reduction. (b) How will you convert the following is not more than two steps : (i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde.(ii) Acetophenone to benzoic acid. (iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-hydroxyethenoic acid.
Answer» <P> Solution :(a) (i) Etard reaction `:` (ii) Stephen.s reduction `:` `underset("Alkyl cyanide")(R-C -=N)underset(H_(2)O)overset(SnCl_(2)//HCL)(rarr) underset("Aldehyde")(R-CHO)` (b) CONVERSIONS `:` (i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde `:` `underset("Acetophenone")(C_(6)H_(5) -overset(O)overset(\|\|)(C ) - CH_(3) )underset(_CHI_(3))overset(NaOI)(rarr) C_(6)H_(5)COONaoverset(H_(3)O^(+))(rarr) underset("Benzoic acid")(C_(6)H_(5)COOH)` (iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-hydroxyethanoic acid `:` `underset("Ethanoic acid")(CH_(3)COOH)underset(I_(2))overset("Red P")(rarr) underset("2-Iodoethanoic acid")(CH_(3)- COOH)overset(NaOH)(rarr)underset("2-Hydroxyethanoic acid")(CH_(2)(OH)COOH)`