1.

Al and Ga are trivalent in their compounds but monovalent compounds are the most stable down the 13th group. Why?

Answer»

Solution :Down the group `(13th)`, the STABILITY of `+3` state decreases and that of `+1` state INCREASES due to the prominent "inert PAIR" effect.
`Al^(3+)gtGa^(3+)gtIn^(3+)gtTI^(3+)`
Most stable`to` LEAST stable
`Tl^(+) gt In^(+) gt Ga^(+) gt Al^(+)`


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