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C. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONSHow does the reproductive phase in women differ from thatin the hody of a female during menstrual1. Name the male and female gametes.in men ? |
| Answer» <p>Male gamates is sperms and female gamates is ovum.Reproductive phase in both females and males begin at puberty. In males, reproductive phase lasts until death but in females, it ends by the age of 50 years. Menstrual cycle/ menstruation mark the commencement of puberty in girls. In a girl, reproductive phase emerges from the age of 10 to 15 when she attains the puberty. When puberty arrives eggs in ovaries starts to mature.</p><p>One of the ovaries releases the matured ovum in every 28 to 30 days. This is called ovulation. The uterus becomes thicker and prepares itself for implantation. If the egg fuses with the sperm it becomes fertilized. The fertilized egg (egg fused with sperm) leads to pregnancy.</p><p>Contrary to this, unfertilized egg leads to shedding of uterus walls and causes bleeding in women. Menstruation is the bleeding phase. Menarche is the first menstrual flow. By the age of 50 years, menstrual cycle stops forever and is marked as menopause. The time interval from one menstrual cycle to another can vary from 28 to 30 days.</p><p></p><p>The sex hormones along with few other hormones are responsible for this phase in women. The variation in these hormones may change the ovulation day. The irregularity in menstrual cycle is also attributed to hormonal imbalances. However, what is interesting to know is how the sex of a child is determined!</p><p>Sex Determination</p><p>In the nucleus of every cell in the human body, we have chromosomes. All the human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their normal body cells.Out of these 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair of chromosomes is called sex chromosome. The two chromosomes that determine the sex of an offspring or baby are called sex chromosomes.The two sex chromosomes are named X chromosomes and Y chromosomes.</p><p>The gametes are special cells called reproductive cells.The gametes contain only 23 single chromosomes and hence, they have only one of the two sex chromosomes that exist in the normal body cells. In females, all the gametes or all the egg cells contain X chromosomes.</p><p>In males, half of gametes or sperms have X chromosomes and half of gametes or sperm have Y chromosomes. The baby developed from XX chromosome of sex chromosome in the zygote is a girl. And, the baby developed from XYcombination of sex chromosomes in zygote will be a boy.</p> | |