In reality agriculture productivity is measured in terms of productivity per hectare or income per hectare. Responsible factors for low productivity of agriculture are as follows:

1. Institutional Factors:

• Physical, social, economic and legal factors are institutional factors. Such factors are negative in India. Therefore, low productivity of agriculture is being seen.
• Revenue collection systems, agriculture finance, agriculture marketing system, land ownership system, rural social structure, etc. are also institutional factors. As these factors remain negative, agriculture productivity has also remained low.

2. Technological Factors: In India use of old traditional equipments, ideologies, techniques, traditional seeds, cow dungs as manure, less proportion of pesticides in agriculture are technological factors, which give low productivity of agriculture.

3. Other Factors:

• Pressure of Population: Total production of agriculture is being distributed among big mass of population, which shows low productivity of labour.
• Lack of Economic Planning: India’s economic planning centered around Industrie’s. Hence, agriculture sector has irregular and slow rate of development. Therefore, low productivity of agriculture is seen.