ANSWER :

• ✠ Direct Narration :-

➨ He said, "I have written their letter."

• ✠ Indirect Narration :-

➨ He said that he had written their letter.

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❍ Note :-

• ✎ When the sentence of Direct Speech is in Present Perfect Tense and the REPORTING verb is in Past Tense form; in Indirect Speech, the sentence should be CHANGED into Past Perfect Tense.

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KNOW MORE :

❒ Types of Narration :-

• ➬ Direct Narration

• ➬ Indirect Narration

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❒ Direct Narration :-

• ➬ In Direct Narration, the words of the speaker is expressed in the same way that it is said by the speaker i.e, with speech marks and using exactly the same words.

• ➬ The words of the speaker are kept within Inverted Comma (" ") in Direct Narration and there we need ti use Comma (,) between the Reporting Verb and Direct Narration.

• ➬ The verb that introduce the Direct Narration is called Reporting Verb.

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❒ Indirect Narration :-

• ➬ In Indirect Narration, the words of the speaker is expressed WITHOUT speech marks and without necessarily using exactly the same words, keeping the meaning same.

• ➬ Unlike Direct Narration, there is the need of using "that" or any necessary conjunction INSTEAD of the the Comma (,) in Indirect Narration.

• ➬ There is also needed some grammatical changes while CHANGING the speech from Direct Narration to Indirect Narration.