1.

Define combined form of first and second law of thermodynamics.

Answer»

In thermodynamics, the combined law of thermodynamics, also called the Gibb’s fundamental equation, is a mathematical summation of the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics summed into a single concise mathematical statement as
dU - TdS + PdV ≤ 0
Where dU is a variation in internal energy.
T is temperature, dS is variation in entropy
P is pressure
dV is variation in volume of a simple working body in which there is neither flows of particles out of the body nor external forces, other than gravity, acting on the body. In theoretical structure, in addition to the obvious inclusion of the first two laws, the combined law incorporates the implications of the zeroth law, via temperature T and the third law, through its use of free energy as related to the calculation of chemical affinities near absolute zero.


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