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Describe the following electrophilic substitution reaction using phenol. (i) Nitrosation (ii) Nitration (iii) Sulphonation |
Answer» Solution :(i)Nitrosation: Phenol can be readily nitrosoated at low temperature with NITROUS acid.  (ii) Nitration: Phenol can be nitrated using20% nitric acid at room temperature, a mixture of ortho and para nitro PHENOLS are formed.  (iii) Phenol when treated with CONC.`HNO_3` and Conc.`H_2SO_4`. picric acid is formed.  (iv)Sulphonation Phenol when reacts with Conc.`H_2SO_4` at 280K, o-phenol sulphonic acid is formed as major product. But when the REACTION is carried out at 373K, the major product is P-phenol sulphonic acid. 
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