1.

Describe the following : (i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction (iii) Cross aldol condensation (iv) Decarboxylation

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Solution :(i) Acetylatin : Replacement of an activehydrogen of alcohol, phenol or amine with an acetyl group RCO or ArCO group to form correspondingester or amide is called ACETYLATION. It is with acid chloride or anhydride in presence of a base. For example,
`underset("Acetyl chloride")(CH_(3)COCl)+CH_(2)CH_(2)OHoverset("Pyridine")rarr underset("Ethyl ethanoate")(CH_(3)COOC_(2)H_(5))+HCl`
`(CH_(3)CO)_(2)O+C_(6)H_(5)OH overset("Pyridine")rarr underset("Phenyl ACETATE")(CH_(3)COOC_(6)H_(5))+CH_(3)COOH`
(IV) Decarboxylation : The PROCESS of removal of a molecule of `CO_(2)`from a carboxylic acid is called decarboxylation. It is CARRIED out by heating a carboxylic acid or its salt with sodalime `(NaOH+CaO)` at 630 K. For example,

`CH_(3)CH_(2)COONa+NaOH overset(CaO)underset(630K)rarr underset("Ethane")(CH_(3)CH_(3))+Na_(2)CO_(3)`


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