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Discuss the manufacture of chlorine. |
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Answer» Solution :Electrolytic process : When a solution of BRINE `(NaCl)` is electrolysed, `Na^(+) and Cl^(-)` ions are formed. `Na^(+)` ion reacts with `OH^(-)` ions of water and forms sodium hydroxide. Hydrogen and chlorine are liberated as gases. `{:(NaClrarrNa^(+)+Cl^(-),"At the cathode,","At the cathode,"),(H_(2)Orarr H^(+)+OH^(-),H^(+)+e^(-)rarr H,Cl^(-)rarr Cl+e^(-)),(Na^(+)+OH^(-)rarrNaOH,H+HrarrH_(2),Cl+ClrarrCl_(2)):}` Deacon.s process : In this process a mixture of air and hydrochloric acid is passed up a chamber containing a number of shelves, pumice stones soaked in cuprous chloride are PLACED. HOT gases at about 723 K are passed through a jacket that surrounds the chamber. `4HCl+O_(2)OVERSET(400^(@)C)underset(Cu_(2)Cl_(2))rarr 2H_(2)O+Cl_(2)uarr` The chlorine obtained by this method is dilute and is employed for the manufacture of bleaching power. The catalysed reaction is given below. `2Cu_(2)Cl_(2)+O_(2)rarr underset("Cuprous oxy chloride")(2Cu_(2)OCl_(2))` `Cu_(2)OCl_(2)+2HClrarr underset("CUPRIC chloride")(2CuCl_(2)+H_(2)O)` `2CuCl_(2)rarr underset("Cuprous chloride")(Cu_(2)Cl_(2)+Cl_(2))` |
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