1.

Do the same exercise as above with the replacement of the earlier transformer by a 40,000-220 V step-down transformer (Neglect, as before, leakage losses though this may not be a good assumption any longer because of the very high voltage transmission involved). Hence, explain why high voltage transmission is preferred?

Answer»

Solution :(a) Hence 800 kW power is delivered at town sub station by two way TRANSMISSION line at 40,000 V. Hence, current through this line is,
`I = ( P )/( V )`
`= ( 800 xx 10^(3))/( 40,000)`
= 20 A
Power loss in the line wires is,
`P. = I^(2) R`
`= ( 20 )^(2) ( 15)`
`:. P . = 6000 W = 6 kW`
(b) Total power supplied by the PLAIN shouldbe,
`P_(t ) = P + P.`
`= 800 kW+ 6kW`
= 806 kW
(c ) Voltage drop across two way line,
= IR
( 20) ( 15)
= 300 V
Voltage across secondary coil of a TRANSFORMER at power plant should be,
= 300 + 40,000
= 40,300 V
`rArr` Thus, at power station we should use a step-up transformer ( 440V - 40,300V )
Explanation about why power transmission is always preferred at very high voltage.
(i) Power loss in the form of heat in exampleno. 7.25 is,
`= ( 600)/( 1400) xx 100%`
= 42.86 %
(ii) Power loss in the form of heat in example no. 7.26 is,
`= ( 6)/( 806) xx 100%`
= 0.7444%
Thus, when a GIVEN ELECTRICAL power is transmitted at very high voltage, power loss in the form of heat can be reduced considerbly. Hence, it is always preferred.


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