1.

Estimate the minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al_(2)O_(3) at 500^(@)C. The free change for the decomposition rection (2)/(3)Al_(2)O_(3)to(4)/(3)Al+O_(2) is DeltaG=+960kJ""(F=96500" C "mol^(-1)).

Answer»

Solution :`Al_(2)O_(3)(2AL^(3+)+3O^(2-))to2Al+(3)/(2)O_(2),n=6e^(-)""therefore(2)/(3)Al_(2)O_(3)to(4)/(3)Al+O_(2).n=4e^(-)`
SUBSTITUTING `DeltaG=+960kJ=+960,000J and n=4` in the equation, `DeltaG=-nFE`, we get
`960,000=-4xx96500xxE" or "E=-2.487V`
`therefore`MINIMUM POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE needed to reduce `Al_(2)O_(3)` is 2.487 V.


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