1.

Explain about the bonding in metal carbonyls.

Answer»

Solution :`(i)` In metal carbonyls, the BOND between metal atom and the carbonyl ligand consists of two components.The first component is an electron pair donation from the carbon atom of carbonyl ligand into a vacant `d`-orbital of central metal atom. This electron pair donation forms `M OVERSET(sigma bond)(larr)CO` sigma bond.
`(ii)` This `sigma` bond formation increases the electron density in metal `d` orbitals and makes the metal electron rich.
`(iii)` In order to compensate for this increased electron density, a filled metal d-orbital interacts with the EMPTY `pi` orbital on the carbonyl ligand and transfers the added electron densityback to the ligand. This second component is called `pi` back bonding .
`(iv)` Thus in metal, carbonyl, electron density moves from ligand to metal through `sigma` bonding and from metal to ligand through `Pi` bonding, this synergic effect ACCOUNTS for strong `M larr CO`bond in metal carbonyls.


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