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Explain classification of monohalogen compounds on the basis of sp^(3)(C-X) bonds. (X = F, Cl, Br, I). |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Alkyl Halides : DEPENDING upon the nature of carbon to which the halogen is bonded, the alkyl halides are classified as `1^(@)` (primary), `2^(@)` (secondary) and `3^(@)` (tertiary compounds. `underset("Primary "(1^(@)))(R.-overset("H")overset("|")underset("H")underset("|")("C")-X) ""underset("Secondary" (2^(@)))(R..-overset("R.")overset("|")underset("H")underset("|")("C")-X)"" underset("Tertiary "(3^(@)))(R.-overset("R.")overset("| ")underset("R...")underset("| ")("C ")-X)` `underset("Alkane")(C_(N)H_(2n+2))overset(+X" ")underset(-H" ")rarr underset("(Homologous Series)")underset("Haloalkane")(C_(n)H_(2n+1)X)` `1^(@)` Alkyl Halide `rArr` Halogen is bonded to `1^(@)` carbon `2^(@)` Alkyl Halide `rArr` Halogen is bonded to `2^(@)` carbon `3^(@)` Alkyl Halide `rArr` Halogen is bonded to `3^(@)` carbon (b) Benzylic Halides : These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an `sp^(3)` hybridized carbon atom attached to an aromating ring.  (c ) Allyic Halides : These are the compounds in which the halogen atom is bonded to an `sp^(3)` - hybridised carbon atom adjacent to carbon - carbon double bond `(gt C = C LT)` i.e., allylic carbon. 
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