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Explain how does the -OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution? |
Answer» Solution :Phenol may be regarded as a resonance hybrid of structures, I-V.  As a result of `+R-`effect of the OH GROUP, the electron density in thebenzene ring increases thereby facilitating the attack by an electrophile. In other WORDS, presence of `OH` group, activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions. Further, SINCE the electron density is relatively higher at the two o - and ONE p - position, therefore, electrophilic substitution occurs mainly at o - and p - positions. |
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