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Explain in detail the modern structure of atom. |
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Answer» Solution :The modern CONCEPT of atom envisages the following arrangement of fundamental paricles in an atom. (i)The protons and neutrons areconcentrated in a small region at the centre of an atom . Thiscentral part iis known as nucleus . The protons and neutrons present inside the nucleus are CALLED nucleons. (ii)The SIZE of the nucleus is very small when compared to the size of the size of atom . that means , there is vast empty space in the atom. (iii)Electrons revolve round the nucleus in a definnite fixed path which are called orbits or shells. (iv)In an atom , the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus . since the protons and electrons carry equal and opposite charges , an atom is electrically neutral. (v)The varous orbits or shell are named asK, L,M,N . . . . or 1, 2, 3, 4 . . . . . and so on . the of themaximum number of electrons in the varous orbits are 2, 8, 18 , 32 . . . respectively . the energy of the orbit INCREASES with increse in distance from the nucleus. (vi)The OUTERMOST shell is called valance shell and it can never have more than 8 electrons in any atom. |
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