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Explain IUPAC nomenclature for halosubstituted hydrocarbons. |
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Answer» Solution :Scheme : `2^(@)` prefix - `1^(@)` prefix - Rootword - `1^(@)` suffix - `2^(@)` suffix For halosubstituted hydrocarbons : `1^(@)` suffix `rArr` - ane (for `-overset("|")underset("|")("C")-overset("|")underset("|")("C")-`) - ene (for `gt C = C lt`) - yne (for `-C-=C-`) Rootword `rArr` Depending upon total number of carbon atom in a parent chain. Ex. : Meth, ETH - , PROP - etc. `1^(@)` Prefix `rArr` Cyclo - (for ALIPHATIC cyclic compounds) `2^(@)` Prefix `rArr` Halo - Ex. : Fluoro -, Chloro - , Bromo - , Iodo - and alkyl grops. `2^(@)` Suffix `rArr` Suffix of most senior functional group (Not applicable in alkylhalides) Examples :  The dihaloalkanes having the same type of halogen atoms are named as alklidene or alkylene dihalides. Both halogens on ADJACENT carbon atom `rArr` Vicinal dihalide Both halogens on same atom `rArr` Geminal dihalide Common name of Geminal dihalides `rArr` Alkylidene halides Common name of Vicinal dihalides `rArr` Alkylene dihalides `{:(CH_(3)-CHCl_(2),"(Geminal dihalide)"),("1,1-dichloroethane","(IUPAC)"),("Ethylidene chloride","(Common name)"),(underset("Cl")underset("|")(CH_(2))-underset("Cl")underset("|")(CH_(2)),"(Vicinal dihalide)"),("1,2-Dichlorethane","(IUPAC)"),("Ethylene dichloride","(Common name)"):}` 
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