1.

Explain Stephen's reduction with an example.

Answer»

Solution :Stephan.s reduction: Nitriles on reduction with stannous chloride and hydrochloria acid gives imine HYDRO chloride which on hydrolysis gives corresponding aldehyde. This reaction is called Stephan.s reduction.
`SnCl_(2)+2HCl rarr SnCl_(2)+2[H]`
`underset("(NITRATE)")(R-C-=N+2[H])overset(SnCl_(2)+"Conc. HCl")underset("Ether")rarr underset("(imine)")(R-CH=NH+HCl overset(H_(2), "boil")rarr underset("(aldehyde)")(R-overset(O)overset(||)C-H+NH_(4)Cl)`
Example
`underset("(Ethane Nitrate)")(CH_(3)-C-=N+2[H])overset(SnCl_(2)+"Conc. HCl")underset(290K)rarr underset("(Acetaldimine hydrochloride)")(CH_(3)CH=NH+HCl)overset(H_(3)O" boil")rarr underset("(ACETALDEHYDE)")(CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-H+NH_(4)Cl)`


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