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Explain the factors affecting S_(N)1 reaction. |
Answer» Solution :In a `S_(N)1` reaction, the carbocation is an intermediate product. Thus, greater is the stability of carbocation, faster is the reaction rate. In case of alkyl halides, `3^(@)` alkyl halides undergo `S_(N)1` reaction very fast because it will form high stable `3^(@)` carbocations.  For the same reasons, ALLYLIC and benzylic halides show high reactivity towards the `S_(N)1` as they are stabilised by resonance.  The presence of polar PROTIC solvents such as `H_(2)O, CH_(3)OH, CH_(3)COOH` etc. FAVOURS the ionisation of C - X bond and thus favours the `S_(N)1` reaction. `S_(N)1` reaction is favoured by a weak nucleophile. The presence of any +Mgroup favours the `S_(N)1` reaction because it will stabilise the carbocation. |
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