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Explain the following terms with suitable examples : (a) Cationic detergents(b) Anionic detergents |
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Answer» Solution :Synthetic detergents are classifeid into three types i) Cationic detergents:These are synthetic deterghents. a)Cationic detergents are quartenary ammonium salts of amines with acetates,chlorides (or)Bromides as anions. B)Cationic PART posses a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on nitrogen atom.Hence these are called cationic detergents.E.g:Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide `to`It is used in hair CONDITIONERS. `[{:(""CH_(3)),("|"),(CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(15)-N-CH_(3)),("|"),(""CH_(3)):}]^(+) Br^(-)` ii)Anionicdetergents are sodium of sulphonated long chain alcohol(or)hydrocarbons. b)Anionic detergents are formed by the treatment of long chain alcohol with conc.`H_(2)SO_(4)` followed by the neutralisation with alkali. E.g:Sodium lauryl sulphate. `underset("Lauryl alcohol")(CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(10))-CH_(2)-OHoverset(H_(2)SO_(4))to underset("Lauryl hydrogen sulphate")(CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(10)-CH_(2)_(10)-CH_(2)O SO_(3)H)overset("aq. NaOH")to underset(underset(("anionic detergents"))"Sodium lauryl sulphate")(CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(10)-CH_(2)-OSO_(3)-Na^(+)` `to` these are used for house hold work and in tooth PASTES. iii)Non-IONIC detergents:THese are synthetic detergents. a)Non ionic detergents donot any ion in their constitution . b) The detergent formed by the reaction of stearic acid with poly ethylene glycol is an example of non ionic detergent.`underset("Stearicacid")(C_(17)H_(35)COOH)underset("Poly ethylene glycol") (+HO(CH_(2)CH_(2)O)_(n)) CH_(2) CH_(2)OHoverset(-H_(2)O)to C_(17)H_(35)COO(CH_(2)CH_(2)O)_(n)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH` `to`Non-ionic detergents are used in liquid dish washing purpose. |
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