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Explain the following terms with suitable examples: |
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Answer» Solution :(1) Cationic detergents : Cationic detergents are quarter nary ammonium salts of amines with chlorides, acetates or bromides as anions. Cations are LONG chain hydrocarbons and a positive charge on nitrogen atom. They are used as germicides, cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride is used in hair conditioners. `UNDERSET(("n - hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride or cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride"))[[CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(4) - CH_(2) - underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(N) - CH_(3)]]` (2) Anionic detergents : Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain of alcohols or hydrocarbons. They are prepared from long chain of hydrocarbons or alcohols by treating with conc. `H_(2)SO_(4)`and then neutralizing by NaOH. In anionic detergents, the anionic PART of molecule helps in the cleansing action. Example : Sodium dodecyl benzenesulphonate.Anionicdetergentis usedin toothpasteand in thehousehold work.  (3) Non -ionicdetegrmets : Non-ionic detergentsare eithermonoesters of polyhydicalcholsor polyethers derviedform ethylene oxide. Theyare usedfor washingvessels : Exmple : `CH_(3) -(CH_(2))_(10)overset(O)overset(||)(C) - O - CH_(2)-underset("(Polyether)")underset("Pentaerythrityl stearate")underset(CH_(2))underset(|)overset(CH_(2)OH)overset(|)(C) - CH_(2)OH,` `CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(16)COO-underset("non-ionic detergents")((CH_(2)CH_(2)O-)_(n)) CH_(2)CH_(2)OH` |
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