1.

Explain the following terms with suitable examples. (a)cationic detergents , (b)anionic detergents , (c )neutral detergents

Answer»

Solution :1.Anionic detergents These are so CALLED because a large part of their molecules are anions. These are of two types :
(i)Sodium alkyl sulphates . For EXAMPLE, sodium lauryl SULPHATE, `C_11H_23CH_2OSO_3Na`
(ii)Sodium alkylbenzenesulphonates. The most widely used domestic detergent is sodium 4-(1-dodecyl) benzenesulphonate (SDS).

2.cationic detergents. These are quaternary ammonium salts. For example , cetytrimethylammonium chloride.
`UNDERSET"Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride"([CH_3(CH_2)_15overset+N(CH_3)_3]Cl^-)`
3.Neutral or Non-ionic detergents. These are ESTERS of high molecular mass alcohols with fatty acids. For example, polyethylene glycol stearate.
`underset"Polyethylene glycol stearate"(CH_3(CH_2)_16COO(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_2CH_2OH)`


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