1.

Explain the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald's process.

Answer»

Solution :This method is based upon catalytic oxidation of `NH_(3)` by atmospheric OXYGEN.
`4NH_(3)(g)+5O_(2)(g)overset("Pt/Ph gauze catalyst")underset("500 K, 9 bar")rarr 4NO(g)+6H_(2)O(g)`
Nitric oxide THUS formed COMBINES with oxygen giving `NO_(2)`.
`2NO(g)+O_(2)(g)rarr 2NO_(2)(g)`
Nitrogen dioxide os formed, dissolves in water to give `HNO_(3)`.
`3NO_(2)(g)+H_(2)O(l)rarr 2HNO_(3)(aq)+NO(g)`
NO thus formed is recycled and the aqueous `HNO_(3)` can be concentrated by DISTILLATION.


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