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Explain the structure of nickel tetracarbonly on the basis of valence bond theory. OR Why is Ni(CO)_(4) tetrahedral ? |
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Answer» Solution :(1) Nickel tetracarbonyl, `NI(CO)_(4)` is a neutral complex, oxidation state of Ni is zero and the coordination number is 4. (2) Electronic configuration: `._(28)Ni[Ar]^(18)3d^(8)4s^(2)4p^(0)`  (3) Since CO is a strong ligand, TWO electrons from 4s-orbital are promoted to 3d- orbital giving all electrons PAIRED due to spin pairing process.  (4) Since the coordination number Ni is 4, gets 4 vacant hybrid ORBITALS by `sp^(3)` hybridisation (one 4s and three 4p orbitals).  (5) 4 lone pairs from 4C) ligand molecules are accommodated in the four vacant `sp^(3)` hybrid orbitals of Ni. Thus four `sp^(3)` hybrid orbitals of Ni overlap with filled orbital of four CO forming four coordinate bonds giving tetrahedral geometry to the complex. Since the complex has all electrons paired, it is diamagnetic. 
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