1.

Explain the various reduction reactions of nirobenzene:

Answer»

SOLUTION : (i) Acid medium reduction: `underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))underset(6[H])overset(Sn//HCl)(to)underset("Aniline")(C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2)+2H_(2)O`
(ii) Neutral medium reduction: `underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))underset(4[H])overset(Zn//NH_(4)Cl)(to) underset("Phenyl hydroxylamine")(C_(6)H_(5)NHOH+H_(2)O)`
(iii) `underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))underset(2[H])overset(Fe//H_(2)O(g))(to)underset("Nitrosobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)-N=O`
(iv) Basic medium reduction
`underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))underset(6[H])overset(SnCl_(2)//KOH)(to)[C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2)+C_(6)H_(5)N=O]overset("Self CONDENSATION")(to)underset("Azobenzen")(C_(6)H_(5)-N=N-C_(6)H_(5))`
(v) `underset("Nitrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))overset(Zn//NaOH)(to) [C_(6)H_(5)-N=N-C_(6)H_(5)]overset(2[H])(to) underset("Hydrazo benzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NH-NH-C_(6)H_(5))`

(vii) Catalytic reduction `underset("NItrobenzene")(C_(6)H_(5)NO_(2))+6[H]overset(Ni(or)Pt//H_(2))(to)underset("Aniline")(C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2))+2H_(2)O`


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