1.

Explainbriefly how +2statesbecomesmoreand morestablein thefirsthalf of the firstrowtransition elementswithincreasingatomicnumber .

Answer»

SOLUTION :(i)It can beeasilyobservedthatexceptSc allothermetalsposses+2oxidatinstate.
(ii)Also , on movingfrom SC toMn, theatomicnumberincreasingfrom 21 to 25
(iii)thismeansthe numberof electronsin the3d-orbitalalsoincreasesfrom1 to 5 .
`Sc^(+2)= d^(1)`
`Ti^(+2) = d^(2)`
`V^(+2) = d^(3) `
`CrT^(+2) = d^(4)`
`Mn^(+2) = d^(s)`
(iv) + 2Oxidationstate isattained BYTHE loss ofthe two4 electrons by these metals
(v)Sincethe numberof d electron in(+2)statealsoincreasesfrom `Ti^(+2)` to `Mn^(+2)`thestability of +2stateincreases
(vi) As aresultd-orbitalis becomingmoreand morehalf- filled .


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