InterviewSolution
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Find the oxidation numbers of the underlined species in the following compounds or ions :i. PF6-ii. NaIO3iii. NaHCO3iv. ClF3v. SbF6-vi. NaBH4vii. H2PtCl6viii. H5P3O10ix. V2O74-x. CuSO4xi. BiO3-xii. CH3OH |
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Answer» i. PF6- Oxidation number of F = -1 \(PF_6^-\) is an ionic species. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = – 1 ∴ (Oxidation number of P) + 6 × (Oxidation number of F) = – 1 ∴ Oxidation number of P + 6 × (-1) = -1 ∴ Oxidation number of P – 6 = – 1 Oxidation number of P in \(PF_6^-\) = +5 ii. NaIO3 Oxidation number of Na = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 NaIO3 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 (Oxidation number of Na) + (Oxidation number of I) + 3 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0 (+1) + (Oxidation number of I) + 3 × (-2) = 0 Oxidation number of I + 1 – 6 = 0 Oxidation number of I in NaIO3 = +5 iii. NaHCO3 Oxidation number of Na = +1 Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 NaHCO3 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of Na) + (Oxidation number of H) + (Oxidation number of C) + 3 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0 ∴ (+1) + (+1) + (Oxidation number of C) + 3 × (-2) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of C + 2 – 6 = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of C in NaHCO3 = +4 iv. ClF3 Oxidation number of F = -1 ClF3 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of Cl) + 3 × (Oxidation number of F) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of Cl + 3 × (-1) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of Cl in ClF3 = +3 v. SbF6- Oxidation number of F = -1 \(SbF_6^-\) is an ionic species. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = – 1 ∴ (Oxidation number of Sb) + 6 × (Oxidation number of F) = – 1 ∴ Oxidation number of Sb + 6 × (-1) = -1 ∴ Oxidation number of Sb in \(SbF_6^-\) = +5 vi. NaBH4 Oxidation number of Na =+1 Oxidation number of H = -1 (for Hydride) NaBH4 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of Na) + (Oxidation number of B) + 4 × (Oxidation number of H) = 0 ∴ (+1) + (Oxidation number of B) + 4 × (-1) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of B + 1 – 4 = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of B in NaBH4 = +3 vii. H2PtCl6 Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of Cl = -1 H2PtCl6 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ 2 × (Oxidation number of H) + (Oxidation number of Pt) + 6 × (Oxidation number of Cl) = 0 ∴ 2 × (+1) + (Oxidation number of Pt) + 6 × (-1) = 0 (Oxidation number of Pt) + 2 – 6 = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of Pt in H2PtCl6 = +4 viii. H5P3O10 Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 H5P3O10 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ 5 × (Oxidation number of H) + 3 × (Oxidation number of P) +10 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0 ∴ 5 × (+1) + 3 × (Oxidation number of P) + 10 × (-2) = 0 ∴ 3 × (Oxidation number of P) + 5 – 20 = 0 Oxidation number of P = +\(\frac{15}{3}\) ∴ Oxidation number of P in H5P3O10 = +5 ix. V2O74- Oxidation number of O = -2 \(V_2O_7^{4-}\) is an ionic species. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = – 4 ∴ 2 × (Oxidation number of V) + 7 × (Oxidation number of O) = – 4 ∴ 2 × (Oxidation number of V) + 7 × (-2) = – 4 ∴ 2 × (Oxidation number of V) = – 4 + 14 ∴ Oxidation number of V = \(+\frac{10}{2}\) ∴ Oxidation number of V in \(V_2O_7^{4-}\) = +5 x. CuSO4 Oxidation number of Cu = +2 Oxidation number of O = -2 CuSO4 is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of Cu) + (Oxidation number of S) + 4 × (Oxidation number of O) = 0 ∴ (+2) + Oxidation number of S + 4 × (-2) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of S + 2 – 8 = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of S in CuSO4 = +6 xi. BiO3- Oxidation number of O = -2 \(BiO_3^-\) is an ionic species. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = – 1 ∴ (Oxidation number of Bi) + 3 × (Oxidation number of O) = – 1 ∴ Oxidation number of Bi + 3 × (-2) = – 1 ∴ Oxidation number of Bi = – 1 + 6 ∴ Oxidation number of Bi in \(BiO_3^-\) = +5 xii. CH3OH Oxidation number of H = +1 Oxidation number of O = -2 CH3OH is a neutral molecule. ∴ Sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of C) + 4 × (Oxidation number of H) + (Oxidation number of O) = 0 ∴ (Oxidation number of C) + 4 × (+1) + (-2) = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of C + 2 = 0 ∴ Oxidation number of C in CH3OH = -2 |
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