Each of the applications includes large, specialized data items (e.g., a PROGRAM module, a GRAPHIC image, DIGITIZED voice, a document). These data items have operations specific to them (e.g., compile, rotate, play, format) that cannot be expressed in relational query languages. These data items are of variable length making it impractical to store them in the short fields that are allowed in records for such database systems. Thus, the data model, data manipulation language, and data definition language need to be changed. Also, long-duration and NESTED transactions are typical of these applications. Changes to the concurrency and RECOVERY subsystems are likely to be needed.

Each of the applications includes large, specialized data items (e.g., a program module, a graphic image, digitized voice, a document). These data items have operations specific to them (e.g., compile, rotate, play, format) that cannot be expressed in relational query languages. These data items are of variable length making it impractical to store them in the short fields that are allowed in records for such database systems. Thus, the data model, data manipulation language, and data definition language need to be changed. Also, long-duration and nested transactions are typical of these applications. Changes to the concurrency and recovery subsystems are likely to be needed.