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How is ammonia manufactured industrially? |
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Answer» Solution : Ammonia is prepared on industrial scale by Haber.s process. `N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) iff 2NH_3(g) , DeltaH^(@) = - 46.1 kJ " mol"^(-1)` There are 2 molecules in the product side and 4 molecules in the reactant side. Thus, there is a decrease of pressure as the products are formed. Also, heat is EVOLVED when the REACTANTS change into products. According to Le Chatelier.s principle, high pressure and low temperature would favour the formation of ammonia. It has been FOUND that the optimum conditions of pressure and temperature are `200 xx 10^(5)` PA (about 200 atmospheres) and around 700 K, respectively. Iron oxide with SMALL amounts of `K_2O and Al_2O_3` act as cataysts. The flow chart for the production of ammonia by Haber.s proces is given below: 
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