1.

If Aniline is treated with 1:1 mixture of con HNO_(3) and con. H_(2)SO_(4),p-nitroaniline and mnitroaniline are formed nearly in equal amounts.This is due to

Answer»

m-directing PROPERTY of —`NH_(2)` GROUP
protonation of -`NH_(2)` which causes deactivation of benzene ring
m- and p-directing property of —`NH_(2)` group
isomerization of some p-nitroaniline into m-nitroaniline.

Solution :(b): `-NH_(2)` group in aniline is o, p-directing and activating while in presence of acids, most of the aniline GETS protonated to form anilinium ion i.e., `-ovrset(+)(N)H_(3)` which is m-directing and deactivating.


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