No, that is not the case. Screen scraping is a technique used by programs to capture the contents of the screen. You process the data based on the INFORMATION you've collected. Old technologies like screen scraping and MACROS have GIVEN way to robotic automation. This is because robots are universal application orchestrators, which MEANS that any application that a man can use can be used by a modern-day robot, whether it's a mainframe, desktop application, legacy, or even a web service-enabled software.

Robotic process automation is far more capable and reliable, and it can interface with Windows, Java, and web applications. When it comes to automating mainframes, RPA uses screen scraping, but that's simply a component of it; it has no bearing on RPA. RPA is a hybrid of the two technologies, with many additional capabilities and enhancements. RPA solutions provide a framework for automating end-to-end processes. Robots build up procedural knowledge, which eventually merges with a shared library that may be re-used by other robots or devices. The robot "reads" applications, either through supplied APIs if they exist, through the OS before the application APPEARS, or through the screen in the case of native apps. In this scenario, the current robot "reads" an application screen in context, much like a human would.