As mentioned earlier, Strings are nothing but a combination of characters that can be used to perform a variety of tasks. JavaScript provides so many methods for Strings alone that it makes sense to cover Strings as a standalone topic in this cheat sheet. Let us now look at the various escape sequences in JavaScript and the methods which JavaScript provides for strings:

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  Escape Sequences or Escape Characters: An escape character is a character in computers and telecommunications that causes the following characters in a character sequence to take on a different meaning. Metacharacters include escape characters, which are a subset of metacharacters. In general, whether something is an escape character or not is determined by the context. For instance, Strings in JavaScript are delimited by single or double-quotes. You must use special characters in a string if you want to utilise quote marks. A few of the escape characters allowed by JavaScript are as follows:
  
  
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    \' — Single quotes
  
  
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    \" — Double quotes
  
  
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    \t — Horizontal tab
  
  
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    \v — Vertical tab
  
  
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    \\ — Backslash
  
  
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    \b — Backspace
  
  
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    \f — Form feed
  
  
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    \n — Newline
  
  
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    \r — Carriage return
  
  
  
  


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  String methods: As mentioned earlier, JavaScript provides a lot of methods to manipulate its Strings. Let us take a look at some of them:
  
  
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    toLowerCase() — This method is used for converting strings to lower case
  
  
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    toUpperCase() — This method is used for converting strings to upper case
  
  
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    charAt() — This method is used for returning the character at a particular index of a string
  
  
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    charCodeAt() — This method is used for returning to us the Unicode of the character at a  given index
  
  
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    fromCharCode() — This method is used for returning a string made from a particular sequence of UTF-16 code units
  
  
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    concat() — This method is used for concatenating or joining multiple strings into a single string
  
  
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    match() — This method is used for retrieving the matches of a string against a pattern string which is provided
  
  
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    replace() — This method is used for finding and replacing a given text in the string
  
  
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    indexOf() — This method is used for providing the index of the first appearance of a given text inside the string
  
  
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    lastIndexOf() — This method is similar to the indexOf() methods and only differs in the fact that it searches for the last occurrence of the character and searches backwards
  
  
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    search() — This method is used for executing a search for a matching text and returning the index of the searched string
  
  
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    substr() —  This method is pretty much the same as the slice() method but the extraction of a substring in it depends on a given number of characters
  
  
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    slice() — This method is used for extracting an area of the string and returning it
  
  
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    split() — This method is used for splitting a string object into an array of strings at a particular index
  
  
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    substring() — Even this method is almost the same as the slice() method but it does not allow negative positions
  
  
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    valueOf() — This method is used for returning the primitive value (one without any properties or methods) of a string object