The absence of indexing in a TRADITIONAL file-based system leaves us with the only option of scanning the full page and hence making the access of content TEDIOUS and super slow. The other issue is redundancy and inconsistency as files have many duplicate and redundant data and changing one of them makes all of them INCONSISTENT. Accessing data is harder in traditional file-based systems because data is unorganized in them.

Another issue is the lack of concurrency control, which leads to one operation locking the entire page, as compared to DBMS where multiple OPERATIONS can work on a single file simultaneously.

Integrity check, data isolation, atomicity, security, etc. are some other issues with traditional file-based systems for which DBMSs have provided some good SOLUTIONS.