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Name the factors responsible for the solubility of alcohols in water. |
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Answer» Solution :SOLUBILITY of alcohols in water DEPENDS upon the following two factors: (i) Hydrogen bonding. O-H group in alcohol being polar forms H-bonds with `H_(2)O`. Greater the extent of H-bonding, higher is the solubility. For alcohols having comparable molecular masses, solubility increases as the number of OH groups increases, i.e., `underset("MOL. mass 88 g "mol^(-1))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH) lt underset("Mol. mass "89g" "mol^(-1))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHOHCH_(2)OH) lt underset("Mol. mass "92" g "mol^(-1))(HOCH_(2)CHOHCH_(2)OH)` (ii) Size of the alkyl/aryl group. higher the hydrocarbon part, lower is the extent of H-bonding and hence lower is the solubility. for EXAMPLE, solubility decreases in the order: `CH_(3)CH_(2)OH gt CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH gt CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH` |
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