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One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is a severeearthquake and its terrible after effects. Earthquakes are the result of forcesdeep within the earth's interior that continuously affects the surface of theearth. The energy from these forces is stored in a variety of ways within therocks. When this energy is released suddenly, an earthquake occurs. The areaof the fault where the sudden rupture takes place is called the focus or hypo-centre of the earthquake. The point on the earth's surface directly above thefocus is called the epicentre of the earthquake. The effect of an earthquakeon the earth's surface is called the intensity. The intensity scale consists of aseries of responses such as the number of people who woke up, movement offurniture, damage to chimneys and finally total destruction. The magnitude of5.3 might be a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be ratedwith the magnitude 6.3. An earthquake in a densely populated area whichresults in many deaths may have the same magnitude but acis only as ashock in a remote area that does nothing more than frightening the wildlife. |
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